cell specialization, quiz 2

Question 1

lvl of organization

Answer 1

cells-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

Question 2

cell function

Answer 2

building blocks that have the ability to create structures, have specific jobs

Question 3

tissues function

Answer 3

group of SAME type cells that work together to perform a specific function

Question 4

organs

Answer 4

different tissues that work together

Question 5

organ system

Answer 5

different sorts of organs that work together to perform a function

Question 6

organism

Answer 6

organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis in an organism

Question 7

what does it mean to be a specialized cell

Answer 7

Specialized cells perform specific functions by going through cell differentiation, diff combos of genes are expressed, all cells contain a complete set of DNA

Question 8

How do cells become specialized

Answer 8

cells location determines how it will differentiate, a cells differentiation is determined based off of what genes are turned on and off

Question 9

What are the defining characteristics of stem cells?

Answer 9

undifferentiated cells, ability to divide and renew and differentiate into specialized cells

Question 10

categories of stem cells

Answer 10

totipotent, multipotent, pluripotent

Question 11

what is totipotent stem cells

Answer 11

can grow into any type of cell, only come from fertilized eggs and cells in 1st division after fertilization

Question 12

what is pluripotent stem cells

Answer 12

can be any type of stem cells except totipotent, known as embryonic because from embryo

Question 13

what is multipotent stem cell

Answer 13

can be cells closer related in family, not complete differentiation, adult stem cells

Question 14

relationship between specialized cells and stem cells

Answer 14

stem cells have the potential to become specialized cells

Question 15

Why is it necessary for cells to remain small?

Answer 15

If cells were too large, they could not move enough material across the membrane surface, cells need to remain small to maintain their SA to volume ratio which allows efficient transport of nutrients and waste in and out of a cell

Question 16

2 aspects of cell size

Answer 16

surface area and volume

Question 17

how do you compare cell efficiency

Answer 17

surface area to volume ratio

Question 18

cell features to increase SA

Answer 18

microvilli

Question 19

organ features to increase SA

Answer 19

villi

Question 20

features of Cells that travel and move

Answer 20

large mitchondria for energy,bundle of microtubles/ flagellum

Question 21

features of Cells that take in and trap harmful substances and break them down

Answer 21

vesicle, lysosomes, cell membrane (fluid and change shape)

Question 22

features of Cells that allow for movement of a multicellular organism

Answer 22

microfilaments, large mitochondria for energy

Question 23

features of cells that Sends and receives signals throughout a multicellular organism

Answer 23

vesicles and long shape with projections

Question 24

features of Cells that can synthesize, package, store,modify, and secrete proteins/hormones

Answer 24

vesicles, ribosomes (rough ER), golgi body

Question 25

features of Cells can absorb large quantities of nutrients quickly

Answer 25

microvilli to increase surface area

Question 26

embryonic vs. adult stem cells

Answer 26

pluripotent- can develop into almost any cell in the body
multipotent-can develop into cells close in relation

Question 27

microvilli function

Answer 27

absorbs nutrients and water