cell specialization, quiz 2 Flashcards
lvl of organization
cells-tissue-organ-organ system-organism
cell function
building blocks that have the ability to create structures, have specific jobs
tissues function
group of SAME type cells that work together to perform a specific function
organs
different tissues that work together
organ system
different sorts of organs that work together to perform a function
organism
organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis in an organism
what does it mean to be a specialized cell
Specialized cells perform specific functions by going through cell differentiation, diff combos of genes are expressed, all cells contain a complete set of DNA
How do cells become specialized
cells location determines how it will differentiate, a cells differentiation is determined based off of what genes are turned on and off
What are the defining characteristics of stem cells?
undifferentiated cells, ability to divide and renew and differentiate into specialized cells
categories of stem cells
totipotent, multipotent, pluripotent
what is totipotent stem cells
can grow into any type of cell, only come from fertilized eggs and cells in 1st division after fertilization
what is pluripotent stem cells
can be any type of stem cells except totipotent, known as embryonic because from embryo
what is multipotent stem cell
can be cells closer related in family, not complete differentiation, adult stem cells
relationship between specialized cells and stem cells
stem cells have the potential to become specialized cells
Why is it necessary for cells to remain small?
If cells were too large, they could not move enough material across the membrane surface, cells need to remain small to maintain their SA to volume ratio which allows efficient transport of nutrients and waste in and out of a cell
2 aspects of cell size
surface area and volume
how do you compare cell efficiency
surface area to volume ratio
cell features to increase SA
microvilli
organ features to increase SA
villi
features of Cells that travel and move
large mitchondria for energy,bundle of microtubles/ flagellum
features of Cells that take in and trap harmful substances and break them down
vesicle, lysosomes, cell membrane (fluid and change shape)
features of Cells that allow for movement of a multicellular organism
microfilaments, large mitochondria for energy
features of cells that Sends and receives signals throughout a multicellular organism
vesicles and long shape with projections
features of Cells that can synthesize, package, store,modify, and secrete proteins/hormones
vesicles, ribosomes (rough ER), golgi body
features of Cells can absorb large quantities of nutrients quickly
microvilli to increase surface area
embryonic vs. adult stem cells
pluripotent- can develop into almost any cell in the body
multipotent-can develop into cells close in relation
microvilli function
absorbs nutrients and water