atoms, bonds, and water Flashcards
What are the parts and charges of an atom?
Protons (+ charged), Neutrons (no charge), Electrons (– charged)
What is the purpose of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Protons determine element/atomic number, neutrons determine isotope, electrons determine reactivity
What are all the types of bonds?
Non-polar covalent, polar covalent, hydrogen, ionic
Where are the parts of atoms located?
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, electrons are surrounding the nucleus
What does the atomic number determine?
The number of protons in the nucleus
How do you find element mass?
The sum of protons and neutrons
What are atoms?
The smallest basic unit of matter, makes up both living and non-living things
When is an atom most stable?
When the outermost energy level is full of valence electrons
How do electrons travel?
In pairs
Why do atoms form bonds?
To become stable and fill outermost energy levels
How do non-polar covalent bonds form?
atoms equally share a pair of electrons to fill outermost energy levels, with no charged regions
How do covalent bonds form?
Atoms share a pair of electrons to fill outermost energy levels
How do ionic bonds form?
Formed from the electric force between oppositely charged ions
How do ions form?
When an atom gains or loses an electron
How do polar covalent bonds form?
When an atom is slightly more electronegative and the atoms share electrons unequally
