cell types

Question 1

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 1

Site of protein synthesis.

Question 2

What is the difference between ER ribosomes and cytoplasm ribosomes?

Answer 2

ER ribosomes make proteins for cell membrane or to be secreted, while cytoplasm ribosomes make proteins used in reactions of cytoplasm.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

Stores genetic info (DNA), which contains instructions for making proteins.

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 4

Site of ribosome synthesis.

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Forms a boundary between inside and outside of cells, controls passage of materials, and maintains homeostasis.

Question 6

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 6

Fills a large part of the cell and is involved in protein and lipid production.

Question 7

What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER?

Answer 7

Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxins; rough ER modifies proteins and has ribosomes.

Question 8

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 8

Makes additional changes to proteins, processes, stores, and delivers proteins to organelles, and packages proteins for later use.

Question 9

What does the Golgi apparatus consist of?

Answer 9

Closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed space.

Question 10

What are vesicles?

Answer 10

Membrane-bound sacs.

Question 11

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 11

Isolates material from the rest of the cell and transports material from place to place.

Question 12

What happens after a protein is made?

Answer 12

1. Part of ER pinches off to form a vesicle. 2. Vesicle moves to Golgi and modifications are made. 3. Protein is packaged into new vesicle and transports to cell membrane for secretion.

Question 13

What cell organelles are involved in making and processing proteins?

Answer 13

Nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.

Question 14

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 14

Provides rigid support.

Question 15

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 15

Supplies energy to the cell by converting molecules of food to usable energy.

Question 16

What does mitochondria consist of?

Answer 16

Own ribosomes and DNA, inner and outer membrane.

Question 17

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 17

Fluid-filled sacs that store materials such as water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes.

Question 18

What is the difference between animal vacuoles and plant vacuoles?

Answer 18

Animal vacuoles are small; plant vacuoles are large central vacuoles filled with watery fluid to strengthen the cell and support the plant.

Question 19

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 19

Defends the cell from invading bacteria/viruses, breaks down damaged/worn out cell parts, and has enzymes to digest material.

Question 20

Where are lysosomes present?

Answer 20

In animals, but not sure if present in plants.

Question 21

What cell organelles are for energy?

Answer 21

Lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria.

Question 22

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 22

Converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of organic molecules, site of photosynthesis, and contains chlorophyll.

Question 23

What does the cell wall consist of?

Answer 23

Made up of cellulose and surrounds the cell membrane.

Question 24

What are features that ALL cells have?

Answer 24

Cell membrane, being microscopic, filled with cytosol (cytoplasm), DNA, and ribosomes.

Question 25

What are features of eukaryotic cells ONLY?

Answer 25

Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 26

What do prokaryotic cells NOT have?

Answer 26

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 27

What is the difference between DNA in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 27

Eukaryotic DNA is in the nucleus, while prokaryotic DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm.

Question 28

What is homeostasis?

Answer 28

All processes in the body that maintain constant internal conditions.

Question 29

What maintains homeostasis?

Answer 29

Reactions.

Question 30

What is metabolism?

Answer 30

Breakdown of molecules to energy and for building blocks to make other molecules that make cells/cell parts.

Question 31

What is reproduction?

Answer 31

Cells making more cells.

Question 32

What is heredity?

Answer 32

Protects, maintains, replicates, and passes down genetic information.

Question 33

What are the 4 main activities of cells?

Answer 33

Homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, heredity.

Question 34

What do prokaryotic cells make up?

Answer 34

Single-cell organisms.

Question 35

Give an example of prokaryotes.

Answer 35

Bacteria and archaea.

Question 36

Where are prokaryotic cells found?

Answer 36

In all types of environments.

Question 37

Where are eukaryotes found?

Answer 37

In plants, animals, protists, fungi, mold, mildew, and yeast.

Question 38

What are protists?

Answer 38

Unicellular organisms.

Question 39

What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?

Answer 39

Cytosol is the fluid part of cytoplasm; cytoplasm is the entire contents of the cell excluding the nucleus.

Question 40

What are eukaryotes?

Answer 40

Multicellular organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi.

Question 41

What is the difference in DNA between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 41

Eukaryotic DNA is located in the nucleus and is larger; prokaryotic DNA is in the cytoplasm, smaller, and circular/free-floating.

Question 42

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 42

A cell with no nucleus and circular DNA.

Question 43

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 43

A cell with a true nucleus.

Question 44

What are the differences in organelles between plant and animal cells?

Answer 44

Plant cells have a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts; animal cells have lysosomes, centrioles, and smaller vacuoles.