cell types Flashcards
What is the function of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis.
What is the difference between ER ribosomes and cytoplasm ribosomes?
ER ribosomes make proteins for cell membrane or to be secreted, while cytoplasm ribosomes make proteins used in reactions of cytoplasm.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores genetic info (DNA), which contains instructions for making proteins.
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Site of ribosome synthesis.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Forms a boundary between inside and outside of cells, controls passage of materials, and maintains homeostasis.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Fills a large part of the cell and is involved in protein and lipid production.
What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER?
Smooth ER makes lipids and breaks down toxins; rough ER modifies proteins and has ribosomes.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Makes additional changes to proteins, processes, stores, and delivers proteins to organelles, and packages proteins for later use.
What does the Golgi apparatus consist of?
Closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed space.
What are vesicles?
Membrane-bound sacs.
What is the function of vesicles?
Isolates material from the rest of the cell and transports material from place to place.
What happens after a protein is made?
- Part of ER pinches off to form a vesicle. 2. Vesicle moves to Golgi and modifications are made. 3. Protein is packaged into new vesicle and transports to cell membrane for secretion.
What cell organelles are involved in making and processing proteins?
Nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides rigid support.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Supplies energy to the cell by converting molecules of food to usable energy.
What does mitochondria consist of?
Own ribosomes and DNA, inner and outer membrane.
What is the function of vacuoles?
Fluid-filled sacs that store materials such as water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes.
What is the difference between animal vacuoles and plant vacuoles?
Animal vacuoles are small; plant vacuoles are large central vacuoles filled with watery fluid to strengthen the cell and support the plant.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Defends the cell from invading bacteria/viruses, breaks down damaged/worn out cell parts, and has enzymes to digest material.
Where are lysosomes present?
In animals, but not sure if present in plants.
What cell organelles are for energy?
Lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of organic molecules, site of photosynthesis, and contains chlorophyll.
What does the cell wall consist of?
Made up of cellulose and surrounds the cell membrane.
What are features that ALL cells have?
Cell membrane, being microscopic, filled with cytosol (cytoplasm), DNA, and ribosomes.
What are features of eukaryotic cells ONLY?
Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What do prokaryotic cells NOT have?
Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is the difference between DNA in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic DNA is in the nucleus, while prokaryotic DNA is suspended in the cytoplasm.
What is homeostasis?
All processes in the body that maintain constant internal conditions.
What maintains homeostasis?
Reactions.
What is metabolism?
Breakdown of molecules to energy and for building blocks to make other molecules that make cells/cell parts.
What is reproduction?
Cells making more cells.
What is heredity?
Protects, maintains, replicates, and passes down genetic information.
What are the 4 main activities of cells?
Homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, heredity.
What do prokaryotic cells make up?
Single-cell organisms.
Give an example of prokaryotes.
Bacteria and archaea.
Where are prokaryotic cells found?
In all types of environments.
Where are eukaryotes found?
In plants, animals, protists, fungi, mold, mildew, and yeast.
What are protists?
Unicellular organisms.
What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?
Cytosol is the fluid part of cytoplasm; cytoplasm is the entire contents of the cell excluding the nucleus.
What are eukaryotes?
Multicellular organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi.
What is the difference in DNA between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Eukaryotic DNA is located in the nucleus and is larger; prokaryotic DNA is in the cytoplasm, smaller, and circular/free-floating.
What is a prokaryote?
A cell with no nucleus and circular DNA.
What is a eukaryote?
A cell with a true nucleus.
What are the differences in organelles between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts; animal cells have lysosomes, centrioles, and smaller vacuoles.
