Protein sythesis

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Unique sequence of amino acids, make up enzymes and hormones

Question 2

What is a gene

Answer 2

section of a DNA molecule that contains a sequence of bases that dictate the sequence of amino acids that will be in the protein

Question 3

What is a triplet

Answer 3

Sequence of 3 bases that each code for at least 1 an amino acid

Question 4

Genetic code

Answer 4

set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells

Question 5

4 structures of proteins

Answer 5

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 6

Primary structure

Answer 6

Linear chain of amino acids, specific sequence of amino acids where each amino acid is depicted as a bead within the polypeptide chain

Question 7

Secondary structure

Answer 7

results from bending and coiling of the chain of amino acids, amino acids fold based on the chemical attraction

Question 8

Tertiary structure

Answer 8

3-D shape of proteins, Alpha helixes and beta sheets fold into the 3-D structure, without the correct 3-D structure proteins can’t complete their tasks

Question 9

Quaternary structure

Answer 9

formed from subunits formed from 2+ polypeptide chains, results from attractive forces between 2+ subunits

Question 10

How does DNA replication occur

Answer 10

Code for each amino acid needed for the protein synthesis is taken to the ribosomes by messenger RNA (mRNA) which is small enough to pass through the nuclear pores

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

When mRNA is formed, genetic instructions are copied/transcribed from 1 strand of DNA to mRNA

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

building/synthesis of the protein using the information that is coded in the mRNA to direct the type and sequence of amino acids required to make the different proteins

Question 13

What is a template strand

Answer 13

Strand that is copied

Question 14

Definition of DNA

Answer 14

Deoxyribonucleic acid, nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions used to synthesis proteins

Question 15

Definition of RNA

Answer 15

Ribonucleic acid, info found in the DNA determines which traits are to be created whilst the various forms of RNA does the work

Question 16

DNA location, strands, sugars, bases, length, stability, propagation

Answer 16

Nucleus, double stranded, deoxyribose, ATCG, very long, more stable, self-replicating

Question 17

RNA location, strands, sugars, bases, length, stability, propagation

Answer 17

Nucleus and cytoplasm, single stranded, ribose, AUGC, shorter, less stable, synthesised from DNA when needed

Question 18

Messenger RNA

Answer 18

Formed in the nucleus using the DNA code, Produced by the process of transcription- creates a copy of the DNA, Moves to the cytoplasm to bind with ribosomes and provides instructions to make a protein

Question 19

Transfer RNA

Answer 19

Located in the cytoplasm, Bring individual amino acids to the ribosomes/transfers amino acids to where it needs to be, Folded into a T-shaped loop, Has a section that binds to it correct amino acid, Other end is a sequence of the 3 RNA bases called an anti-codon which specifies which amino acid the tRNA carries