Excretory system

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

Removal of metabolic cell waste

Question 2

Examples of cell waste

Answer 2

water, urea, lactic

Question 3

Excretory system consists of:

Answer 3

Kidneys (filter blood and remove wastes), lungs (removes CO2 and water), skin (sweat glands remove water, urea, lactic acid and salts), liver (accessory, undergoes deamination)

Question 4

Deamination

Answer 4

Break down of amino acids into urea

Question 5

Urinary system consists of:

Answer 5

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder and 1 urethra

Question 6

What does the urinary system do

Answer 6

filters the blood and removes waste products via urine produced in the kidneys which travels down the ureters into the bladder

Question 7

Urination

Answer 7

removal of waste from kidney to the bladder

Question 8

Micturition

Answer 8

Movement of urine from the bladder to the urethra to out of the body

Question 9

How do the kidneys get blood

Answer 9

Renal arteries carry blood to the kidneys, renal veins carry blood away to join the IVC

Question 10

A nephron consists of:

Answer 10

renal corpuscle made of the glomerular/Browmans capsule, glomerulus (network of capillaries), various tubules and a network of capillaries

Question 11

Function of the nephron

Answer 11

Filters the blood and forms urine

Question 12

Afferent arteriole

Answer 12

enters the glomerular/Bowmans capsule which then separates into many capillaries

Question 13

Efferent arteriole

Answer 13

exits the glomerular/Bowmans capsule

Question 14

Basic steps of urine production

Answer 14

Filtration (removal of small molecules), reabsorption (required molecules moved back into the blood), secretion (unwanted molecules moved into filtrate)

Question 15

How is blood separated from the glomerular capsule

Answer 15

2 layers of cells, 1 layer lining the glomerular capsule and 1 layer in the capillaries which allow for dissolved blood components to filter through the cell layer

Question 16

What causes high pressure in the glomerular capsule and why is it needed

Answer 16

High pressure is caused as the afferent artery is larger than the efferent artery which then forces substances through the permeable membrane and the capsule

Question 17

Filtrate contains

Answer 17

water, salt, amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, urea, uric acid, creatine, hormones, toxins and ions

Question 18

What stays in the capillary in glomerular filtration

Answer 18

Blood cells and plasma proteins

Question 19

Why is selective reabsorption needed

Answer 19

small molecules get pushed out due to the high pressure but are needed for body functions so must move back into the blood capillaries

Question 20

Where does selective reabsorption occur

Answer 20

proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and collecting ducts

Question 21

What is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 21

most glucose, aa, vitamins, urea, Na, Cl, K, Ca ions, some drugs and some water (passive)

Question 22

What is reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 22

some Na, Cl ions, some drugs, active reabsorption of water depending on the bodies needs

Question 23

What is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle

Answer 23

passive reabsorption of water, some Na, Cl, K ions

Question 24

What is reabsorbed in the collecting ducts

Answer 24

active reabsorption of water depending on the bodies needs

Question 25

Why is secretion needed

Answer 25

Materials not filtered into the tubule at the glomerulus need to be removed from the blood into the tubule

Question 26

Where does secretion mainly occur

Answer 26

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 27

What is secreted during secretion

Answer 27

potassium and hydrogen ions and drugs such as penicillin and creatine, can be active or passive

Question 28

What happens to molecules not reabsorbed into the blood

Answer 28

drains into collecting ducts into the renal pelvis to form urine