Digestion and absorption

Question 1

Duodenum

Answer 1

First part of the small intestine, pyloric sphincter relaxes allowing the chyme to move into the duodenum

Question 2

Pancreatic juice

Answer 2

Contains protease, lipase and amylases which breaks down the nutrient groups, travels along the pancreatic and common bile duct to reach the duodenum, neutralises the acidic chyme

Question 3

Bile

Answer 3

Produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, travels along the bile and common bile duct to reach the duodenum, mechanically emulsifies lipids (breaks them down), neutralises acid in chyme

Question 4

Intestinal juice

Answer 4

Produced from intestinal glands, contains the 3 enzymes (amylases, protease and lipase)

Question 5

Absorption in the small intestine

Answer 5

Duodenum is covered with villi (villus), the villi increase the surface area increasing the rate of absorption, mitochondria in the epithelial cells provides energy for the transport of materials

Question 6

Villus functions

Answer 6

Contains a network of capillaries (one cell thick) and a central lacteal, particles move through the cells into the capillaries of the lacteal

Question 7

What is absorbed into the capillaries

Answer 7

Glucose, minerals, water and water soluble vitamins

Question 8

What is moved into the lacteals

Answer 8

Glycerol, fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins

Question 9

How is the hepatic portal vein formed?

Answer 9

Capillaries in the villi join small veins (venules) in the submucosa

Question 10

What does the hepatic vein carry?

Answer 10

Absorbed nutrients to the liver

Question 11

What do the lacteals lead to?

Answer 11

Larger lymph vessels which eventually connect to the heart via the vena cava, and eventually enter the blood stream to move to the liver

Question 12

Most absorption occurs in

Answer 12

Small intestine in the jejunum (middle part)