Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Basic cell theory

Answer 1

All living organisms are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and organisation, cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Organisms can be

Answer 2

Unicellular or multicellular

Question 3

Cells contain

Answer 3

Organelles (mini organs) in a semi-fluid matrix called cytoplasm which is the material between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane

Question 4

Cytosol

Answer 4

Liquid part of the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 5

Cell/plasma membrane

Answer 5

Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell, thin and flexible lipid and lipid and protein barrier, surrounds the cell and its organelles

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

Carries out aerobic cellular resperation to produce energy (ATP) for the cell

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Carry out protein synthesis (making protein), found on the rough ER or free in cytoplasm

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Regulates or controls all cell activity, contains DNA, has nuclear pores which allow substances to move in and out of the nucleus

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Series of channels or tubes made up of 2 parts

Question 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Connects to the outer membrane of the nucleus (nuclear envelope) and has ribosomes on it where protein sunthesis occurs

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Connects to the rough ER, doesn’t have ribosomes, synthesises lipids, substances are exported from the ER in a vesicle

Question 12

Golgi body/apparatus

Answer 12

Stacked sacs that modify proteins, protein in a vesicle from the ER moves into the GB and is modified, a new vesicle forms to export it from the cell or to the cell membrane to form part of the cell membrane

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

A pair of cylindrical substances involved in cell reproduction

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Internal scaffolding of protein fibres in the cytoplasm

Question 15

Microtubles

Answer 15

Help maintain cell shape and keep organelles in place or move them around the cell

Question 16

Microfilaments

Answer 16

Move materials around the cell

Question 17

Cilia and flagella

Answer 17

Small projections on some cells to move substances over the surface of the cell or move the cell itself

Question 18

Humans are

Answer 18

Multicellular organisms

Question 19

Tissues are formed from

Answer 19

Cells with a similar structure and function that are grouped together

Question 20

Organs are formed from

Answer 20

Tissues with related functions that are grouped together

Question 21

Organ systems are formed from

Answer 21

Organs working together

Question 22

The body is formed from

Answer 22

Interdependent systems

Question 23

4 types of tissue

Answer 23

Epithelial, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue

Question 24

Epithelial tissue

Answer 24

Line internal and external surfaces, Eg skin and lining of the digestive system

Question 25

Muscle tissue

Answer 25

Contractile and elastic, muscle can be striated, smooth or cardiacs

Question 26

Nerve tissue

Answer 26

Made up of neurons which are capable of sending electro-chemical impulses, relay impulses to and from the central nervous system

Question 27

Connective tissue

Answer 27

Provides support and structure for the body, bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fat, blood

Question 28

Lipid bilayer

Answer 28

Each phosopholipid molecule consists of a head containg a phosphate group and 2 lilid tails

Question 29

Channel proteins

Answer 29

Form a channel from one side through to the other side of the cell membrane to allow small molecules such as water and water soluble ions to pass through

Question 30

Carrier proteins

Answer 30

Proteins that specifically bind to a particular molecule such as glucose or amino acids to assist their movement through the cell membrane, molecule binds to an active site on the CP, the shape changes and the CP moves the molecule to the other side of the CM

Question 31

Cell identity markers

Answer 31

Proteins that indicate the cell is part of your body

Question 32

Lysosome

Answer 32

Site of chemical breakdown

Question 33

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 33

Mosaic due to the different protein components, fluid for movability