Nutrients Flashcards
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Linked sugars, Monosaccharides such as glucose, Disaccharides such as lactose and polysaccharides such as starch
Digestion/catabolism of carbohydrates
Can be indigestible, polysaccharides are too large to be absorbed, broken down into disaccharides then monosaccharides by enzymes
Enzyme that digests carbohydrates
Amylase
Use of carbohydrates in the body
Energy source for cellular respiration, combines to make glycoproteins, stores in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen
Food source of carbohydrates
Cereal, bread, pasta, potato
What are proteins made up of?
Linked amino acids, Monopeptides, Dipeptides and Polypeptides
Digestion of proteins
Too large to be absorbed through the intestinal wall
Enzyme that digests proteins
Protease
Use of protein in the body
Structural and metabolic functions, oxygen transport, protection, emergency energy source
Food source of proteins
Egg’s, lean meat, dairy foods, seafood, lentils
What are lipids made up of?
Glycerol molecules linked to fatty acids, Monoglyceride, Diglyceride, Triglyceride
Enzyme that digests lipids
Lipases
Use of lipids in the body
Energy source and storage, insulation, protects organs, structural and metabolic functions, sends chemical messengers
Food source of lipids
Fats and oils, legumes, nuts, dairy foods
What are vitamins made up of?
Organic molecules, co-enzymes
