Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

process of making mRNA from a gene

Question 2

What do we need for transcription?

Answer 2

1. Template
2. Initiation
3. Separation of strands
4. Polymerase activity
5. Termination

Question 3

Sense

Answer 3

non-template (coding) strand

reads 5’ to 3’

the same as mRNA strand except for T instead of U

Question 4

Anti-sense

Answer 4

template strand

reads 3’ to 5’

complimentary to mRNA and sense strand

Question 5

Which direction is RNA built in?

Answer 5

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 6

Sigma factor

Answer 6

part of protein complex that initiates the process by binding directly to DNA

recognizes and binds to the promoter

Question 7

Do promoters vary?

Answer 7

Yes, but they all are similar so that sigma factor can recognize

Question 8

Does the promoter get copied?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Location where transcription begins?

Answer 9

+1

Question 10

RNA polymerase

Answer 10

elongates

Question 11

Termination phase

Answer 11

termination sequence codes RNA which will create a hairpin in the mRNA

Question 12

Is the terminator sequence transcribed?

Answer 12

It has to be because it codes for the hairpin

Question 13

Transcription in eukaryotes

Answer 13

diverse promoters

TATA box

basal transcription factors

Question 14

TATA box

Answer 14

found in eukaryotes

30 boxes upstream

promoter sequence

Question 15

Basal transcription factors

Answer 15

found in eukaryotes

bind to DNA promoter and initiate transcription

Question 16

Transcription in prokaryotes

Answer 16

can have simultaneous transcription and translation since no nucleus

Question 17

What is an evolutionary advantage that prokaryotes have?

Answer 17

They are able to metabollically adapt very quickly to new conditions and produce new proteins

Question 18

Post transcriptional controls

Answer 18

splicing

add non-coding regions to protect

help interact with ribosome

Question 19

Translation

Answer 19

mRNA is converted to an amino acid sequence in a protein

Question 20

3 phases of translation

Answer 20

1. initiation
2. elongation
3. termination

Question 21

Ribosomes

Answer 21

catalyze translation of the mRNA sequence into protein

Question 22

A site

Answer 22

the acceptor site for an aminoacyl tRNA

Question 23

P site

Answer 23

where a peptide bond forms that adds an amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 24

E site

Answer 24

where tRNAs no longer bond to an amino acid exit the ribosome

Question 25

Order of the sites

Answer 25

EPA

Question 26

tRNA

Answer 26

CCA sequence at 3’ end binds to amino acid

anticodon base pairs with the mRNA codon

shaped like upside down L

Question 27

redundancy in protein synthesis

Answer 27

multiple codons code for the same amino acid

Question 28

redundancy in protein synthesis

Answer 28

multiple codons code for the same amino acid

Question 29

Where do tRNAs vary?

Answer 29

Different anticodons and amino acids