Endomembrane Transport + Cytoskeleton

Question 1

What are cytoskeletal filaments made out of?

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Actin filaments

Answer 2

Smallest filament

Maintain cell tension by resisting pull

Used for muscle contractions and cytokinesis

Moves organelles

Question 3

What does actin interact with?

Answer 3

Myosin

To facilitate movement

Question 4

What does myosin do?

Answer 4

Hydrolizes ATP to walk along actin

Question 5

Intermediate filaments

Answer 5

Thicker than actin and can resist more pull

Anchor nucleus and other organelles

Question 6

Microtubules

Answer 6

Largest in diameter and make hollow tube

Resist compression

Move cells via flagella or cilia

Move chromosomes during cell division

Provide tracks for intracellular vesicle transport

Question 7

Kinesin

Answer 7

motor protein that helps vesicles move along microtubule track

Question 8

Cili and flagellum

Answer 8

made up of microtubules

roughly the same size

Question 9

Primary cilia

Answer 9

Abreu’s line of work

Single cilia that pops up and receives sensory information

Question 10

Nuclear envelope

Answer 10

nuclear pore complex allows mRNA and ribosomes out

allows nucleotides and proteins in

Question 11

Where does the endomembrane transport system start?

Answer 11

The rough ER

Question 12

Where do the ribosomes that stud the rough ER come from?

Answer 12

They were free floating ribosomes, but then a protein coded for them to attach to the ER since they were producing a protein designated for secretion

Question 13

Signal recognition particle (SRP)

Answer 13

ER signal sequence binds to the SRP, which then binds to the rough ER membrane

Question 14

Cis- cisterna

Answer 14

front side of the golgi

faces the rough ER

Question 15

Trans- cisterna

Answer 15

back side of the golgi

produces vesicles

Question 16

Glycosylation

Answer 16

carbohydrates are attached to proteins through a covalent bond in golgi

this identifies proteins and tells them where to go

Question 17

Mannose-6 phosphate

Answer 17

a sugar tag that specifically sends things to lysosome

Question 18

What do the sugar phosphate tags work with?

Answer 18

Receptors on golgi vesicle’s membrane

Question 19

Endosome

Answer 19

a vesicle that the cell uses to engulf macromolecules to take them into the cell

Question 20

Reasons for endocytosis

Answer 20

need materials

need to break down a harmful substance

Question 21

What happens to the endosome once in the cell? Why?

Answer 21

Endocytic vesicle fuses with the endosome and lowers the endosome’s pH

this is because the lysosomes have a low pH

Question 22

Where are endosomes transported to?

Answer 22

The lysosomes so it can break them down

Question 23

Autophagy

Answer 23

old organelles are broken down by lysosome

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

engulf an entire prokaryotic cell