Cancer

Question 1

Hallmarks of cancer

Answer 1

self sufficient in division and growth

avoid apoptosis

do not respond to inhibit signals

Question 2

angiogenesis

Answer 2

tumors develop blood vessels to feed themselves

Question 3

metasasis

Answer 3

cancer cells are able to leave their site of origin

often times, use blood vessels to accomplish this

Question 4

benign tumor

Answer 4

continue to divide, but are not invasive

there is a clear separation

Question 5

malignant tumor

Answer 5

divides and spreads to other tissues

Question 6

How can viruses and bacteria be carcinogens?

Answer 6

They can change DNA which leads to cancer

Question 7

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 7

a type of DNA repair machinery that works to correct mistakes in DNA that could lead to cancer

Question 8

Oncogenes

Answer 8

develop from a mutated proto-oncogene

contributes to unregulated cell growth

Question 9

Example of oncogenes

Answer 9

RAS, MYC

Question 10

Proto-oncogene

Answer 10

genes that contribute to normal cell growth

Question 11

Tumor supressor genes

Answer 11

slow down cell division

Question 12

Mutated tumor suppressor genes

Answer 12

cells can grow with unregulated division

Question 13

Examples of tumor suppressor genes

Answer 13

retinoblastoma

p53

Question 14

p53

Answer 14

activates genes that trigger apoptosis in times of stress

a tumor suppressor gene

this is the most altered gene in human cancer