Protein and Fat Nutrition and ENergy Flashcards
Protein sources
Legumes/ fish/ eggs
nuts seeds meat
Proteins function within the body
Function as hormones, enzymes and antibodies within the immune system.
They make up bodily structures: CT, skin hair muscles.
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What are the 2 type of proteins
Complete protein and Incomplete protein
Examples of complete protein
animal products. Vegetarian tofu, quinoa and buckwheat
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The mouths link with protein digestion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion- amylase
The stomachs involvement with digestion
stomach secretes an enzyme called pepsinogen
- pepsin hydrolyses (breaks apart) peptide bond
Small intestines roll with protein digestion
protein digestion mostly occurs in the small intestine. Pancrease secretes inactive enzymes via the pancreatic duct
Entericytes (small intestine cells) roll in protein digestion
Enterocyte activates pancreatic enzymes.
What is the small intestines main roll with protein digestion
Break down longer polypeptides into smaller or single amino acids so that they can be absorbed across the intestinal cell
Where do amino acids go after being absorbed by the small intestine
Transported through the bloodstream to the liver where they are used to make new body proteins or used in other functions
Fats and lipid sources
avos/ dairy/eggs/fatty fish/nuts/chia seeds
state the two types of fats
unsaturate and saturated
what is the function of saturated fats
provide the body with a healthy amount of cholesterol to make hormones and bile
What is the function of unsaturated fats
regulates metabolism, forms cell membrane, improves blood flow, promotes cell growth
Lipase digestion in the mouth
Chemical digestion:
lingual lipase starts lipid digestion in the mought generating free fatty acids and glyerol
lipid digestion in the stomach
cells in the gastric mucosa release gastic lipase, stomach churns breaks the lipid droplets creating emulsion of small lipid particles that are emptied into the duodenum
Lipid digestion in the small intestine
Gastric lipase causes Lipase to clump as a chyme due to fat being hydrophobic
Bile is secrete to act as a emulsifier and draw fat molecules into surrounding watery fluids
where is bile secreted from and where is it stored
stored: bile
Secreted: liver
what does the pancreas secrete
pancreatic lipase
What do fatty acids break down into
Fatty acids/ Monoglycerides/Glycerol
Lipid absorption
- short fatty acids diffuse across enterocyte and are absorbed into bloodstream
- larger moles combine with bile are packaged into transporters called micelle
Large molecule lipids from in the enterocyte
Tryglycerols, cholesterol and phospholipids molescules form into chylomicron
How is chylomicron absorbed
they are released into lymph system until they reach the thoracic duct
Describe Chylomicrons absorption
Chylomicron glides through the lymph enters the thoracic duct.
Nutrients from the GI tract enters the lymph bypass the liver
The blood carries these lipid to the rest of the body for immediate use or storage
Describe high- density lipoproteins (HDL) transportation
HDL is a cholesterol released the the liver.
HDL removes cholesterol from cells and carries it back to the liver for recycling or disposal
Cholesterol recycled as bile or disposal
