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Nursing 104 > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

Two major Fluid compartments in the body?

A

Intracellular (28L)

Extracellular (14L)

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2
Q

4 ECF compartments?

A

intravascular
interstitial
lymph
trancellular

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3
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

power of solution to draw H20 through selectively permeable membrane
- Higher conc exerts high osmotic pressue

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4
Q

Filtration pressure (no net energy used)

A

pressure in compartment that results in movement of fluid and solutes- made up of the net of next 2 pressures

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5
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure exerted by fluid within a closed system on the walls of container

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6
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

caused by proteins

creates a pull

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7
Q

Maintaining Homeostasis with electrolytes

A 
Kidneys
Endocrine system
CV
lungs
GI system
Hormones
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8
Q

Problems caused by Fluid imbalances

A

Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Dehydration
Overhydration

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9
Q

Isotonic

A

Same osmolarity of body

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10
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher osmolality than body fluids

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11
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower osmolality than body fluids

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12
Q

State electrolyte osmolality examples

A

NA- biggest determinant of serum osmolality ECF
K+ glucose & urea determine osmolality of Intracellular fluid
Plasma proteins: cause colloid or osmotic pressure

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13
Q

Electrolyte examples

A

Na / CI/ K+ / Ca/ HPO (phosphate) Mg/ HCO3

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14
Q

Sodium NA Function

A

high conc in ECF
-cation
Water balance
Transmission of nerve impulses

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15
Q

Potassium k+

A

High conc in ICF

Cation
Electrical conduction of nerve impulses - cardiac conduction
cell metabolism (glycogen and glucose)
Body is more sensitive to small changes in K+ than other electrolytes

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16
Q

Calcium

A

In ECF 1%
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle contraction/ blood clotting
_ intake via diet. Vit D is needed to be absorbed

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17
Q

Phosphate

A

forms teeth
Metabolises carbs protein and fat
Cellular metabolim ATP & DNA
Regulates CA levels

18
Q

Magnesium

A

Operates NA-K pump in use of ATP

relaxes muscle contraction

19
Q

Bicarbonate HCO3

A

Acid base essential
- carbonic acid bicarbonate buffering system
ECF regulated by kidneys
Kidneys regenerate and reasorb if needed

20
Q

Factors affecting Electrolytes

A 
Age/ Gender/ body size
Environmental temp
Lifestytle/ Diet
Exercise
Stress
21
Q

Nursing Management of electrolytes

A

monitor urine/ vomit/liquid faces/ tube drainage/ wound drainage

22
Q

What is a solute

A

Substance dissolved in solution

23
Q

Non electrolyte examples

A

Urea, glucose, creatinine, protein

24
Q

Examples of positively charged ions

A

Na+/ CA2+/ K+/ H+

25
Q

Examples of negatively charged ions

A

CI-/ HCO3-

26
Q

Describe Filtration pressure

A

Pressure in a compartment that results in movement of fluid and soluted- made up of the net of next pressures

27
Q

What is tonicity

A

the amount of osmoles within a soltuion

28
Q

Isotonic

A

Same osmolality as the body

29
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher osmolality than the body

30
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower osmolality than the body

31
Q

Describe the kidneys involvement in keeping the homeostasis

A
  • primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte
  • regulates h2O and lyte excretion
    a-cid base balance by excreting h+ and retaining Carbonic acid HCO3
32
Q

What is hypovolemia

A

Decreased amount of volume in the blood

33
Q

what is hypervolemia

A

Increased amount of volume in the blood

34
Q

Describe Dehydration

A

water loss but no lyte lost

35
Q

Overhydration description

A

water intoxication
more water than lytes,
low osmolaity and low na levels

36
Q

Describe Osmolality concentration

A

determined by the total solute conc within a fluid compartment

37
Q

Biggest determinant of serum osmolality

A

NA

38
Q

K+, glucose & urea determine osmolality of what?

A

ICF

39
Q

Plasma proteins cause what?

A

Colloid or osmotic pressure

40
Q

How are electrolytes regulated

A

most within the diet and excreted into the waster

41
Q

How are Na and CI gained within the body

A

not stored consumed daily

42
Q

How is K and CA gained in the body

A

stored within the bones and cells

Nursing 104 (19 decks)

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