Electrolytes Flashcards
Two major Fluid compartments in the body?
Intracellular (28L)
Extracellular (14L)
4 ECF compartments?
intravascular
interstitial
lymph
trancellular
Osmotic Pressure
power of solution to draw H20 through selectively permeable membrane
- Higher conc exerts high osmotic pressue
Filtration pressure (no net energy used)
pressure in compartment that results in movement of fluid and solutes- made up of the net of next 2 pressures
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by fluid within a closed system on the walls of container
Oncotic pressure
caused by proteins
creates a pull
Maintaining Homeostasis with electrolytes
Kidneys Endocrine system CV lungs GI system Hormones
Problems caused by Fluid imbalances
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Dehydration
Overhydration
Isotonic
Same osmolarity of body
Hypertonic
Higher osmolality than body fluids
Hypotonic
lower osmolality than body fluids
State electrolyte osmolality examples
NA- biggest determinant of serum osmolality ECF
K+ glucose & urea determine osmolality of Intracellular fluid
Plasma proteins: cause colloid or osmotic pressure
Electrolyte examples
Na / CI/ K+ / Ca/ HPO (phosphate) Mg/ HCO3
Sodium NA Function
high conc in ECF
-cation
Water balance
Transmission of nerve impulses
Potassium k+
High conc in ICF
Cation
Electrical conduction of nerve impulses - cardiac conduction
cell metabolism (glycogen and glucose)
Body is more sensitive to small changes in K+ than other electrolytes
Calcium
In ECF 1%
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle contraction/ blood clotting
_ intake via diet. Vit D is needed to be absorbed
Phosphate
forms teeth
Metabolises carbs protein and fat
Cellular metabolim ATP & DNA
Regulates CA levels
Magnesium
Operates NA-K pump in use of ATP
relaxes muscle contraction
Bicarbonate HCO3
Acid base essential
- carbonic acid bicarbonate buffering system
ECF regulated by kidneys
Kidneys regenerate and reasorb if needed
Factors affecting Electrolytes
Age/ Gender/ body size Environmental temp Lifestytle/ Diet Exercise Stress
Nursing Management of electrolytes
monitor urine/ vomit/liquid faces/ tube drainage/ wound drainage
What is a solute
Substance dissolved in solution
Non electrolyte examples
Urea, glucose, creatinine, protein
Examples of positively charged ions
Na+/ CA2+/ K+/ H+
Examples of negatively charged ions
CI-/ HCO3-
Describe Filtration pressure
Pressure in a compartment that results in movement of fluid and soluted- made up of the net of next pressures
What is tonicity
the amount of osmoles within a soltuion
Isotonic
Same osmolality as the body
Hypertonic
Higher osmolality than the body
Hypotonic
Lower osmolality than the body
Describe the kidneys involvement in keeping the homeostasis
- primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte
- regulates h2O and lyte excretion
a-cid base balance by excreting h+ and retaining Carbonic acid HCO3
What is hypovolemia
Decreased amount of volume in the blood
what is hypervolemia
Increased amount of volume in the blood
Describe Dehydration
water loss but no lyte lost
Overhydration description
water intoxication
more water than lytes,
low osmolaity and low na levels
Describe Osmolality concentration
determined by the total solute conc within a fluid compartment
Biggest determinant of serum osmolality
NA
K+, glucose & urea determine osmolality of what?
ICF
Plasma proteins cause what?
Colloid or osmotic pressure
How are electrolytes regulated
most within the diet and excreted into the waster
How are Na and CI gained within the body
not stored consumed daily
How is K and CA gained in the body
stored within the bones and cells
