Chemical reactions

Question 1

Chemical reaction

Answer 1

Interaction that results in a change of bonding between atoms

Question 2

Combination reaction

Answer 2

Two or more substances combine to form a single substance

Question 3

Combination reaction example

Answer 3

Haemoglobin + oxygen— oxyhaemoglobin

H + H + H + N = ammonia

Question 4

Decomposition / dissociation reactions

Answer 4

The breakdown of one substance to produce two or more products

Question 5

Decomposition examples

Answer 5

HCI (hydrogen chloride)— H+ + CI-

Question 6

Displacement reaction

Answer 6

The displacement of a less reactive element by a more reactive element

Question 7

Displacement reaction example

Answer 7

K+ calcium sulphonate—–Ca2+ + potassium polystrene sulphonate

• Used to remove potassium when these levels are too high eg kidney failure

Question 8

Partner exchange

Answer 8

Double displacement

Question 9

Partner exchange example

Answer 9

Taking antiacids to stop heartburn pain from HCI produced in the stomach
AB + CD——- AD + CB

Question 10

Redox reactions

OIL & RIG

Answer 10

Oxidation is the gaining or bonds (often to oxygen) and loss of electrons
Reduction is the gaining (often of hydrogen) of electrons.
- Always happen together

Question 11

Examples of o reductionxidation

Answer 11

glucose to produce energy ATP
antioxidant reactions
Respiration

Question 12

Enzymes/ catalyst

Answer 12

Substance that changes the rate of chemical reaction without being changed itself

-Works via lock and key mechanism
Highly specific to one substance (substrate) or closely related substances (substates)

Question 13

Enzyme reaction example

Answer 13

Fat digestion
- Lipase; Pancrease released in small intestine
- Carbohydrate digestion
Salivary amylase produced in salivary gland, released in the mouth

Question 14

Inorganic chemistry definition

Answer 14

Inorganic chemistry- study of compounds that dont contain carbon

Question 15

Aromatic compounds

Answer 15

Contain benzene ring with 6 carbons in a ring with alternating double bonds
are less reactive- greater stability
always saturated

Question 16

Aliphatic compounds

Answer 16

generally open chain of carbon atoms, can be cyclic
can have a mis of single (saturated, double or triple bonds (unsaturated) between them
most often single bonds

Question 17

Alkanes

Answer 17

compunds containing only hyrdrogen and carbon single chain

suffic -‘ane’

Question 18

Alkenes

Answer 18

At least one carbon to carbon double bond

Question 19

Alkynes

Answer 19

Aliphatic, least one carbon to carbon triple bond. Triple bonds are active

Question 20

Alcohols

Answer 20

organic compounds where hydroxyl (OH) functional group is bound to a carbon

Question 21

Aldehydes

Answer 21

functional group with the structure -CHO
Carbon double bonded to oxygen
formaldehyde

Question 22

Ketones

Answer 22

Carbon bond must both be hydrocarbon groups

Question 23

Carboxylic acids

Answer 23

contains a carboxyl group (R-C- (double bond) O+OH)

Question 24

Amines

Answer 24

Organic compounds that possess an amino group (NH2)

Question 25

Dissociation reaction

Answer 25

When ions dissolve in water