Nutrition and energy - CARBS Flashcards
Digestive System
The mechanical and chemical process where ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestines for the body
Gastrointestinal tract
Where most of Digestion occurs- The tract where food is digested
Digestion
Process of food being broken down
Describe Mechanical breakdown of food
chewing or muscle contraction
Chemical breakdown
Involves enzyme
Absorption
Process where substances are transferred from the digestive system to body fluid
Enzymes
Protein substances that speed up chemical reactions.
Chyme
mix of broken down food and digestive juices that leave the stomach and travel to the small intestine
Bolus
Food mixed with saliva
What are sphincters’ roll in the digestive system
muscles open and close allowing the content of the GI tract to move through at a controlled space
What are the organs used in secretion of digestion
mouth
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
Sites of absorbtion
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
What are the three main components of diet
Carbs
Protien
Fat
Where are carbs found
Fruits grains and vegetables
Monosaccarides
one sugar unit- same number of atoms- different arrangement= different sweetness
Glucose/ frutose/ galatose
Dissacharides
Two sugar units
put together by condensation reactions and broken apart by hydrolysis
Maltose/ sucrose/frutose
What is fibres roll in digestion
Delays digestion. slows down the process
retintion of water
binding substances such as bile
Mouth Digestion of Carbs
Salivary amylase- salivary glands
- Amylose and Amylopectin are broken down into Glucose, Frutose
Stomach digestion of Carbs
No Digestion of carbs occur here
- Salivary amylase is neutralized by the stomach
Small intestines digestion of Carbs
Most of the digestion occurs here
Pancreas releases pancreatic amylase
Enterocytes involvement with the small intestine
Participates in the breakdown of carbs
Sucrose- Frutose+ glucose
MAltose- Glucose + Glucose
Lactore- Galactose & Glucose
Complex carbs
many glucose
Fiber
Starch
Glycogen
Small intestines’ main aim in carbohydrate digestion
Aim is to break down cabrs into monosacarides
- Maltose- Frutose+ glucose
-Sucrose- Glucose + Glucose
-LActose- Galactose+ glucose
and transport them across the enterocyte into the capillary
Glucose- active transport (no atp used)
Frutose- passive transport
Galactose- facilitated transport
Large intestines roll with resistant starch
not all carbs are digested in the small intestine
resistant starch enters the large intestine
Gut bacteria+ resistant starch= fermentation= fatty chain acids
Last intestine roll with carbohydrates
insoluble carbohydrates are eliminated
Describe malabsorption of Lactose
In the small intestine lactase (enzyme may be absent or may be unable to cut lactose)
- Inability to cut lactose into smaller monomers.
- Lactose goes to the colon where it is fermented by bacteria.
- Fermentation= flatulence/ Gas/ Bloating
