Nutrition and energy - CARBS

Question 1

Digestive System

Answer 1

The mechanical and chemical process where ingested food is converted into substances that can be absorbed by the intestines for the body

Question 2

Gastrointestinal tract

Answer 2

Where most of Digestion occurs- The tract where food is digested

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

Process of food being broken down

Question 4

Describe Mechanical breakdown of food

Answer 4

chewing or muscle contraction

Question 5

Chemical breakdown

Answer 5

Involves enzyme

Question 6

Absorption

Answer 6

Process where substances are transferred from the digestive system to body fluid

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

Protein substances that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 8

Chyme

Answer 8

mix of broken down food and digestive juices that leave the stomach and travel to the small intestine

Question 9

Bolus

Answer 9

Food mixed with saliva

Question 10

What are sphincters’ roll in the digestive system

Answer 10

muscles open and close allowing the content of the GI tract to move through at a controlled space

Question 11

What are the organs used in secretion of digestion

Answer 11

mouth
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

Question 12

Sites of absorbtion

Answer 12

stomach
small intestine
large intestine

Question 13

What are the three main components of diet

Answer 13

Carbs
Protien
Fat

Question 14

Where are carbs found

Answer 14

Fruits grains and vegetables

Question 15

Monosaccarides

Answer 15

one sugar unit- same number of atoms- different arrangement= different sweetness

Glucose/ frutose/ galatose

Question 16

Dissacharides

Answer 16

Two sugar units
put together by condensation reactions and broken apart by hydrolysis
Maltose/ sucrose/frutose

Question 17

What is fibres roll in digestion

Answer 17

Delays digestion. slows down the process
retintion of water
binding substances such as bile

Question 18

Mouth Digestion of Carbs

Answer 18

Salivary amylase- salivary glands

- Amylose and Amylopectin are broken down into Glucose, Frutose

Question 19

Stomach digestion of Carbs

Answer 19

No Digestion of carbs occur here

- Salivary amylase is neutralized by the stomach

Question 20

Small intestines digestion of Carbs

Answer 20

Most of the digestion occurs here

Pancreas releases pancreatic amylase

Question 21

Enterocytes involvement with the small intestine

Answer 21

Participates in the breakdown of carbs
Sucrose- Frutose+ glucose
MAltose- Glucose + Glucose
Lactore- Galactose & Glucose

Question 22

Complex carbs

Answer 22

many glucose
Fiber
Starch
Glycogen

Question 23

Small intestines’ main aim in carbohydrate digestion

Answer 23

Aim is to break down cabrs into monosacarides
- Maltose- Frutose+ glucose
-Sucrose- Glucose + Glucose
-LActose- Galactose+ glucose
and transport them across the enterocyte into the capillary

Glucose- active transport (no atp used)
Frutose- passive transport
Galactose- facilitated transport

Question 24

Large intestines roll with resistant starch

Answer 24

not all carbs are digested in the small intestine
resistant starch enters the large intestine
Gut bacteria+ resistant starch= fermentation= fatty chain acids

Question 25

Last intestine roll with carbohydrates

Answer 25

insoluble carbohydrates are eliminated

Question 26

Describe malabsorption of Lactose

Answer 26

In the small intestine lactase (enzyme may be absent or may be unable to cut lactose)

• Inability to cut lactose into smaller monomers.
• Lactose goes to the colon where it is fermented by bacteria.
• Fermentation= flatulence/ Gas/ Bloating