Nutrition and ENergy

Question 1

Role of the Digestive tract

Answer 1

Convert ingredients into nutrients and energy necessary for survival

Question 2

Four parts of digestion

Answer 2

GI tract
Digestive juices
Enzymes Hormones nerves and blood
Mesentery

Question 3

State areas of secretions Digestion (mechanical and chemical digestion)

Answer 3

Mouth/ stomach/ small intestine/ Large intestine

Question 4

Site of most Absorption

Answer 4

small intestine

Question 5

Key components of Nutrients

Answer 5

Carbs
Protein
Fat

Question 6

Non yielding nutients

Answer 6

Vitamins and Minerals

Question 7

Carb sources

Answer 7

Grains, fruits, milk, yogurt, sweet potatoes, Legumes

Question 8

State the two types of Simple Carbs

Answer 8

Monosaccharides/ Disaccharides

Question 9

Monosaccharides structure

Answer 9

one sugar unit same no. of atoms but different arrangement= different sweetness

Question 10

Disaccharides

Answer 10

two sugar units

Question 11

Monosaccharides structure

Answer 11

Same number of atoms but different arrangement which gives them different levels of sweetness.

Question 12

Disaccharides

Answer 12

Carbs are put together by condensation reaction and broken apart by hydrolysis reactions

2 glucose units

Question 13

Complex carbs examples

Answer 13

Starch, Fibre, Glycogen

Question 14

Complex carbs are examples of?

Answer 14

polysaccharides

many glucose units

Question 15

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Answer 15

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Question 16

What occurs in the mouth

Answer 16

Mechanical digestion: mouth teeth tongue
Chemical digestion:
Saliva, salivary glands secretes amylase

Question 17

Action of Saliva on starch

Answer 17

Amylase secreted in the mouth cuts the long chains of glucose to 1, 2, 3 glucose molecules

Question 18

Action of Stomach on Carbs

Answer 18

The main role of the stomach is to mix the content around and push the starch towards the small intestine
- no starch digestion occurs in the stomach

Question 19

Stomachs relationship with dietry fibre

Answer 19

not digested in the stomach, but delays gastric emptying

Question 20

Small intestines roll in starch (carb) digestion

Answer 20

most starch digestion occurs here. When starch reaches small intestine the pancreas is stimulated and secretes pancreatic amylase via the pancreatic duct.

Question 21

What does Pancreatic amylase do

Answer 21

Breaks down the starch molecule down further by breaking the linear chain

Question 22

what are the small intestines Enterocyte involvement in digestion

Answer 22

Enterocyte break down starch. they break disaccharides into smaller fragments (monosaccharides that can be absorbed across the intestinal cells

Question 23

Describe how glucose is transported in the small intestine

Answer 23

Glucose is transported inside the intestinal cell by transporter
- Glucose transported into the bloodstream by facilitated diffusion (no ATP needed)

Question 24

Large intestines rolls in digestion

Answer 24

resistant starch reaches the large intestine undergoes fermentation by gut bacteria= short chain of fatty acids.

Question 25

Large intestines roll with Dietary fibre

Answer 25

passes through small intestine and reaches the large intestine and colon

Question 26

What is Lactose malabsorption

Answer 26

inability to digest lactose in the small intestine

Question 27

Describe undigested lactose in the small intestine

Answer 27

lactose remains in the small intestine, moves to the large intestine- fermentation due to gut bacteria. attracts water, increase in pain and produces gas -diarrhea/ gas irritated GI tract

Question 28

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Answer 28

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