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Nursing 104 > Fluid Balance 2 > Flashcards

Fluid Balance 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Factors contributing to water distribution

A

Age
Gender
Body fat

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2
Q

Intravascular water distribution

A

plasma

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3
Q

Transcellular

A

Lymph system, joints and eyes

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4
Q

Sodium (solute) concept

A

Where sodium goes, water flows

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5
Q

Concept of fluid movement between compartments

A

Higher osmolality
Water goes from an area of lower solute to concentration to area of higher solute concentration
- increase particles= increase osmolatity

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6
Q

Osmolality

A

Measure of osmoles in a weight kg (solvent)

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7
Q

Osmolarity

A

measure of the number of osmoles in a volume L solvent

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8
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure of the blood that builds up coming from the capillaries

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9
Q

Oncotic pressure

A

Osmotic pull from the proteins that remain in the capillary

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10
Q

Albumin

A

Key plasma protein creating osmotic pull

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11
Q

Key 3 fluid balance regulators

A

Central Nervous System
Kidneys (renal system)
Heart

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12
Q

Thirst

A

Hypothalamis osmoreceptors

activated by increase in blood osmolality stimulates thirst centre in hypothalamus- feels thirsty

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13
Q

Kidneys

A

Controls excretion of water and solutes

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14
Q

Anti- diuretic hormone

A

Lets bring the urine home

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15
Q

Key first 4 steps in ADH

A
  1. Blood osmotic pressure increases
  2. Sensed by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
  3. Stimulates thirst centre
  4. Sends message to pituitary gland
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16
Q

Key last 3 steps in ADH

A
  1. Increase amount of H20 reabsorbed in colleting duct of kidney
  2. Urine output reduced
  3. Blood volume increased, Osmolality reduced
17
Q

What is RAAS

A

Renin- Angiotensin- Aldosterone System

18
Q

RAAS concept

A

Just call me RAAS ill keep the volume pumping

19
Q

RAAS steps 1-3

A
  1. WHen blood volume is low. Juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin directly into circulation
  2. Renin coverts antgiotensinogen (made in the liver) to angiotensin 1
  3. Angiotensin enzyme ACE (from the lungs) then concerts angiotensin 1 to angiotens 2
20
Q

RAAS steps 4-6

A

Angiotensin 2 is potent vascocontrictor. Stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosteron (causes sodium and water retention by kidneys)

  1. Thirst an ADH are stimulated
  2. Blood volume is increased
21
Q

ANP- Atrial Natriurectic peptide concept

A

ANP-ill work with the kidney to make you wee

22
Q

ANP function

A

secreted from atrial muscle cells in the heart are stretched indicating high fluid volumes and BP

Inhibits ADH and aldosterone and renin excretion of water and sodium increases urine output increases fluid volume decrease

23
Q

WHAT is Hypervolaemia

A

Excess amounts of Fluid

24
Q

Causes of Hypervolemia

A

renal impairment
heart failure
liver failure
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

H20 intake high
increased IVF

25
Q

Oedema

A

abnormal collection of excess fluid in the interstitial compartment

26
Q

Hypovolaemia

A

Fluid volume deficit

27
Q

Causes of hypovolemia

A

Too much out/ not enough in

diarrhea, burns, vomiting. Not able to swallow

28
Q

Symptoms of Fluid volume deficit ( Hypovolemia)

A

Poor skin
decreased uring output
decreased BP
Heat rate increase

29
Q

Oedema causes

A

Dysfucntional lymphatic system
Increases hydrostatic pressure
decreased plasma proteins

30
Q

Crystalloids

A

Molecules small enough to freely cross capillary walls

31
Q

Colloid

A

Molecule too large to cross capillary wall

32
Q

Outline Aldosterone

A

Released in the adrenal gland

Stimulates Na+ & H20 absorption in kidneys

33
Q

What are the 4 main distribution of fluid within the cells

A

Intecellular- in the cell
Intravascular: within the capillary (plasma)
interstitial- space outside of the capillaries
Extracellular: includes: intravascular & interstitial fluid

34
Q

sensible fluid loss

A

sweat, faeces, urination, vommiting

35
Q

Insensible fluid loss

A

Skin and respiration

36
Q

effect of Hypervalemia

A

increase urination

confusion, pulmonary/periperpheral odema

37
Q

Therapies of Hypervolemia

A

diurectic

monitor fluid intake

38
Q

hypovolemia risk factors

A

age
illness
medical condition
inability to drink/eat

39
Q

Therapies for Hypovolemia

A

Rehydration
Replace blood
correct electrolyte balance

Nursing 104 (19 decks)

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