Prologue Vocab Flashcards
Plato
Mind is separate from body. Knowledge is innate.
Psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Socrates
Philosopher, teacher, mind is separate from body, and continues after the body dies. Knowledges is innate and born with us.
Aristotle
Soul not separate from body, knowledge not preexisting- grows from experience stored in memories
Descartes
Father of Modern Medicine. Abnormal behavior caused by abnormalities in brain instead of supernatural causes. Mind and body separate.
Francis Bacon
Introduced scientific method. Drawing knowledge from natural world from experimentation, observation, and testing hypothesis.
John Locke
Tabula Rasa, born as blank slate. Build through experience. Empiricism.
Empiricism
A view that knowledge comes experience via the senses, science flourishes through observation and experiment.
Wilhelm Wundt
Opened first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
Edward Tichener
Introduced structuralism, aimed to discover elements of mind.
Introspection
Looking inward, reports elements of experience
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
William James
Developed functionalism. Wrote “Principles of Psychology.” Harvard professor
Mary Calkins
Student of James, pioneering memory researcher, first female APA president
Margaret Floy Washburn
First woman to receive Ph.D in psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
Nature-Nurture Issue
Longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors
Natural Selection
Among the range of inherited trait variations, lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely passed to succeeding generations.
Levels of Analysis
Differing complementing views, from biological to psychological to social cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
Evolutionary Perspective
How natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes
Behavior Genetics Perapective
How our genes and environment influence our individual differences
Neuroscience Perspective
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Psychodynamic Perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral Perspective
How we learn observable responses
Cognitive Perspective
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Social-Cultural Perspective
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Basic Research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge basis
Applied Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Biological Psychologists
Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
Developmental Psychologists
Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout life span.
Cognitive Psychologists
Experimenting with how perceive, think, and solve problems
Personality Psychologists
Investigating our persistent traits
Social Psychologists
Exploring how we view and affect one another
Counseling Psychology
Branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being
Clinical Psychology
Branch of psychology that studied, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy
