Chapter 11 Flashcards
Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing
Reification
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Intelligence
Statistical procedure that identifies cluster of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie ones total score
Factor Analysis
Helped develop factor analysis, believed there is also a general intelligence, or a “g” factor that underlies the various clusters
Charles Spearman
General intelligence factor that according to spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
General intelligence
Rejected “g” factor. Didn’t rank his objects on single scale of general aptitude. Argued that factor analysis revealed 7 independent mental abilities
L. L. Thurstone
Stated that people have specific intellectual potentials, each involving a set of problem solving skills
Howard Gardner
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill
Ex) computation and drawing
Savant Syndrome
Triarchic theory distinguishes three intelligences: analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence
Robert Sternberg
Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Emotional Intelligencd
Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Creativity
Method for assessing individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Intelligence Tests
Started the modern intelligence testing movement by developing questions that helped predict children’s future progress
Alfred Binet
Devised by Binet. Chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
Mental Age
Stanford professor, revised IQ test by establishing new age norms and extending the upper end of the tests range from teenagers to “superior adults.” Supported nature side of debate
Lewis Terman
Widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
Stanford-Binet
Ration mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100. Average score is 100
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Test designed to predict a persons future performance, aptitude is the capacity to learn
Aptitude Tests
Test designed to assess what a person has learned
Achievement Tests
Most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
Standardization
Intelligence test performance has been improving
The Flynn Effect
Symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
Normal Curve
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on 2 halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on testing
Reliability
Extent to which a test measures or predicts that it is supposed to
Validity
Extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
Content Validity
The behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity
Criterion
Success with which a test predicts robe behavior it is designed to predict; assesses by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior
Predictive Validity
Condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to demands of life; mild to profound
Mental Retardation
Condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup
Down Syndrome
Self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
Stereotype Threat
