Chapter 12 Flashcards
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Instinct
Need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. Factor that influence initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior.
Motivation
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tensions state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive-Reduction Theory
Tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, blood glucose
Homeostasis
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentives
Not all behaviors reduce immediate physiological needs or tension states. Arousal theory helps explain the motivation for these behaviors
Optimal Arousal Theory
Founder of humanistic perspective
Abraham Maslow
Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs
Hierarchy of needs
Form of sugar that circulates in blood and provides major source of energy for body tissues. Low=hunger
Glucose
Point where an individuals “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When body falls below weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Set point
Body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
Eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, feels fat, continues to starve
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by episodes of overheating followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, excessive exercise
Bulimia Nervosa
Four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual Response Cycle
Resting period after orgasm, during which man cannot achieve another orgasm
Refractory Period
Problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Sexual Disorder
Sex hormone, secreted in great amounts by females than males
Estrogen
Most important of male sex hormones. Males and females have it, stimulates growth of male sex organs in fetus
Testosterone
Enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex or other sex
Sexual Orientation
Completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills.
Flow
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Industrial-organizational pyshchology (I/O)
Subfield of I/O that focuses on employee recruitment selection, placement, training, appraisal and development
Personnel Psychology
Subfield of I/O, examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
Organizational Psychology
Interview process that asks the same job relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
Structured Interview
Desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; attaining a high standard
Achievement Motivation
Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Task Leadership
Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
Social Leadership
