Chapter 9 Second Half Flashcards
Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds
Echoic memory
Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photogenic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Iconic memory
Enshrined the recall capacity of Magical Number Seven, plus or minus 2
George Miller
Increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
Loss of memory
Amnesia
Retention independent of conscious recollection
Implicit memory
Memory of facts and experiences that once can consciously know and “declare” (declarative memory)
Explicit memory
Neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
Hippocampus
Brain region extending out from rear of the brainstem, plays key role in forming and storing implicit memories created by classical conditioning
Cerebellum
Measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as in multiple choice test
Recognition
Measure of memory in which person must receive information learned, fill in blank test
Recall
A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for second time
Relearning
Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory
Priming
That eerie seen that “I’ve experienced this before.” Cues from current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Deja vu
Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood
Mood-congruent memory
Retention curve, as rehearsal increases-relearning time decreases
Ebbinghaus
Disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Retroactive interference
Disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old information
Proactive interference
Psychoanalytic theory, basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings and memories
Repression
Psychologist, known specifically for her work with memory
Loftus
Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event
Misinformation effect
Attributing to the wrong source of an event we have experienced, heard about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at heart of many false memories
Source amnesia
We remember best when we are in the physiological state we were in when we originally encoded it
State dependent memory
