Chapter 7 Flashcards
Periodic physiological functions
Biological Rhythms
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Consciousness
Biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle
Circadian Rhythm
Stages 1-4 of sleep
Non-REM Sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep, vivid dreams commonly occur, paradoxical sleep, muscles relaxed, body systems active
REM Sleep
Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
Alpha waves
Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
Sleep
False sensory experiences, seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Hallucination
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Delta waves
Recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep
Insomnia
Sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessation of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
Night terrors
Sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through sleep person’s mind
Dream
“Psychic safety valve” expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings. Contain manifest content and deeper level of latent content
Freud’s Wish-fulfillment
Remembered story line of dream
Manifest content
Underlying meaning of a dream. Functions as a safety valve
Latent content
Dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories
Information processing
Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways
Physiological function
REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories
Activation synthesis
Dream content reflects dreamers cognitive development– their knowledge and understanding
Cognitive development
Tendency for REM sleep increase following REM sleep deprivation
REM rebound
Social interaction when one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur
Hypnosis
Modern popularity, thought he had discovered animal magnetism
Anton Mesmer
Hypnotic phenomena are not unique to hypnosis
Social influence theory
Hypnosis involved not only social influence but also a special state of dissociated consciousness
Ernest Hilgard
Split in consciousness, allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
Dissociation (divided conscious theory)
Chemicals that change perceptions and moods
Psychoactive drugs
Diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug
Tolerance
Discomfort and distress that discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
Withdrawal
Physiological need for a drug
Physical dependence
Physiological need to use a drug, such as relieve negative emotions
Psychological dependence
Compulsive drug craving and use
Addiction
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Depressants
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
Barbiturates
Opium and it’s derivates, depress neural activity, temporary lessening pain and anxiety
Opiates
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Stimulants
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeding up body functions and associated energy and mood swings
Amphetamines
Powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Methamphetamines
Synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen
Ecstasy
Psychedelic drugs, such as in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Hallucinogens
Powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
LSD
Major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
THC
Altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug induced hallucinations
Near-death experience
Presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
Dualism
Presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing
Monism
