Chapter 18 Second Half Flashcards
“us”- people with whom one shares a common identity
Ingroup
“them”- those perceived as different or apart of one’s ingroup
Outgroup
tendency to favor one’s own group
In-group Bias
theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Scapegoat Theory
tendency of people to believe they world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Just-world Phenomenon
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Aggression
principle that frustration- blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression
Frustration-aggression Principle
perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Conflict
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Social Traps
phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
Mere-exposure effect
an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Passionate Love
deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Companionate Love
condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Equity
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Self-Disclosure
unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Altruism
tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give did it other bystanders are present
Bystander Effect
theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Social Exchange Theory
an expectation that people help, not hurt, those who have helped
Reciprocity Norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
Social-responsibility Norm
shared goals that override differences among people and require cooperation
Superordinate Goals
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
GRIT
