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AP Psych > Prologue > Flashcards

Prologue Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Socrates

A

Concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies and the knowledge is innate (born within us)

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3
Q

Plato

A

Socrates’ student

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4
Q

Aristotle

A

Suggested that the soul is not separable from the body and that knowledge (ideas) grow from experience

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5
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Believed in soul (mind) - body separation, but wondered how the immaterial mind and physical body communicated
-believed abnormal behavior was caused by abnormalities in the brain

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6
Q

Francis Bacon

A

One of the founders of modern science (scientific/experimental method)
-drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation and testing a hypothese

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7
Q

John Locke

A

Theory of Tabula Rasa: humans are born as a blank slate and made up of their experiences
-Formed modern Empiricism

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8
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation

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9
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Opened the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

-Associated with Structuralism

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10
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

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11
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Introduced and brought structuralism to the US and opened the first US laboratory at Cornell University

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12
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward-self reflective to explore the structural elements of the human mind

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13
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish

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14
Q

William James

A

One of the first US psychologists

  • Developed functionalism
  • Mary Calkins’ teacher
  • Wrote Principles of Psychology
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15
Q

Mary Calkins

A

A student of James, became a pioneering memory researcher and the first female APA President

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16
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

First woman to receive a Ph. D. in psychology

17
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

18
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

19
Q

Natural Selection

A

The principle that, among range of inherited trait variations those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

20
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

21
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

Looking at the biological state of the body and how it influences behavior

22
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Study how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior

23
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

How we process, store retrieve and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior

24
Q

Social-Cultural Perspective

A

Looking at the culture and social group that one is in, and how it influences a person’s behavior

25
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

26
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

27
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work or marriage) and in achieving a greater well being

28
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders

29
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

AP Psych (13 decks)

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