Chapter 1 Flashcards
Socrates
(ANCIENT GREECE) concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies. Knowledge is innate (born within us)
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Plato
Socrates’ student
Aristotle
Suggested that the soul is not selectable from the body and that knowledge (ideas) grow from experience - principles from careful observations
Rene Discartes
Believed in soul (mind) - body separation, but wondered how the immaterial mind and physical body communicated
- believed abnormal behavior was caused by abnormalities in the brain
Francis Bacon
One of the founders of modern science
-drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation and testing a hypothesis
John Locke
Theory of tabula rasa: humans are born as a blank slate and made up of their experiences
-formed modern Empiricism
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Wilhelm Wundt
Opened the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany
-associated with structuralism
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
Edward Titchener
Introduced and brought structuralism to the US and opened the first US laboratory at Cornell University
Introspection
- Looking inward
- Self reflective to explore structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish
William James
- one of the first US psychologists
- developed functionalism
- wrote Principles of Psychology
- Mary Calkins’ teacher
Mary Calkins
A student of James, became a pioneering memory researcher and the first female APA President
-student at Harvard denied deploma
Margaret Floyd Washburn
First women to receive a Ph. D in psychology
Humanistic Psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
Nature-Nurture Issue
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
Natural Selection
The principle that, among range of inherited trait variations those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Levels of Analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon
Neuroscience Perspective
Looking at the biological state of the body and how it influences behavior
Psychodynamic Perspective
Study how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior
Cognitive Perspective
How we process, store retrieve and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior
Social-Cultural Perspective
Looking at the culture and social group that one is in and how influences a person’s behavior
Basic Research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Applied Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Counseling Psychology
A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well being (often related to school, work, or marriage)
Clinical Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
