Chapter 2 2nd Half

Question 0

Medulla

Answer 0

The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 1

Brainstem

Answer 1

The oldest, central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions

Question 2

Reticular Formation

Answer 2

A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

Question 3

Thalamus

Answer 3

The brain’s sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

The “little brain” attaches to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

Question 5

Lambic System

Answer 5

A doughnut shaped system of the neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemisphere; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as food and sex. Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

Question 6

Amygdala

Answer 6

Two lima bean-sized neural clusters that are components of the limbus system and are linked to emotion

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several Maintenon activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary glad, and is linked to emotion

Question 8

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 8

The intricate fabric of the interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

Question 9

Glial Cells

Answer 9

Cells in the nervous system that support, neurish and protect neurons

Question 10

Frontal Lobes

Answer 10

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

Question 11

Occipital Lobes

Answer 11

The portion in the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field

Question 12

Parietal Lobes

Answer 12

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the tip of the head and Townes the rear, receives sensory input for touch and body position

Question 13

Temporal Lobes

Answer 13

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory info primarily from the opposite ear

Question 14

Motor Cortex

Answer 14

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Question 15

Sensory Cortex

Answer 15

The area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

Question 16

Association Areas

Answer 16

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions such as learning, remembering, speaking and thinking

Question 17

Aphasia

Answer 17

Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to the Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to the Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)

Question 18

Broca’s Area

Answer 18

Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe usually in the left hemisphere, that direct the muscle movements involved in speech

Question 19

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 19

Controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe

Question 20

Plasticity

Answer 20

The brain’s capacity for modification, as evident in the brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments of the effects of experience on brain development

Question 21

Corpus Callosum

Answer 21

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Question 22

Split Brain

Answer 22

A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them