Chapter 11 Flashcards
Reification
Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
Factor Analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score
Charles Spearman
Helped develop factor analysis, believed there is also a general intelligence, or g factor that underlies the various clusters
General Intelligence (g)
A general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task in an intelligence test
L. L. Thurstone
Rejected g factor. Didn’t rank his subjects on a single scale of general aptitude. Argued that factor analysis revealed seven independent mental abilities
Howard Gardner
States that people have specific intellectual potentials, or “intelligences”, each involving a set of problem-solving skills
Savant Syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
Robert Sternberg
Triarchic theory distinguishes three intelligences: analytical (academic problem solving) intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
Intelligence Tests
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Alfred Binet
Started the modern intelligence-testing movement by developing questions that helped predict children’s future progress in the Paris school system
Mental Age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that key typically corresponds to a given level of performance
Lewis Terman
A Stanford U Professor, Terman revised Binet’s original IQ test by establishing new age norms and extending the upper end of the test’s range from teens to “superior adults”. Supported the nature side of the debate