Chapter 9 First Half Flashcards
Flashbulb Memories
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Memory
The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information
Encoding
The processing of information into the memory system
Storage
The retention of encoded information over time
Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory storage
Sensory Memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-Term Memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information stored is forgotten
Long-Term Memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills and experiences.
Working Memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and information retrieved from long-term memory
Automatic Processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
Effortful Processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Rehearsal
The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage
Spacing Effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study or practice
Serial Position Effect
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Visual Encoding
The encoding of picture images
