Chapter 8 1st Half Flashcards
Associative Learning
Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience
Classical Conditioning
Learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response
Behaviorism
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not (2).
Unconditioned Stimulus
Produces a response without prior learning
Unconditioned Response
Unlearned response that is automatically associated with the US
Conditioned Stimulus
Previously the NS that elicits the conditioned response after being paired with the US
Conditioned Response
Learned response to the CS
Acquisition
The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
Extinction
The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
Generalization
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Discrimination
In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal and unconditioned stimulus
Taste Aversion
Acquisition only takes one time because the response is so strong
