Chapter 18 Second Half Flashcards

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0
Q

Outgroup

A

“Them” - those perceived as different or apart from one’s ingroup

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1
Q

Ingroup

A

“Us” - people whom one shares a common identity

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2
Q

In-group Bias

A

The tendency to favor one’s own group

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3
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A

The theory that prejudice offers and outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

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4
Q

Just-World Phenomenon

A

The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

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5
Q

Aggression

A

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

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6
Q

Frustration-aggression Principle

A

The principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression

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7
Q

Conflict

A

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas

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8
Q

Social Traps

A

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become faith in mutually destructive behavior

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9
Q

Mere-exposure effect

A

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

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10
Q

Passionate Love

A

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

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11
Q

Companionate Love

A

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

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12
Q

Equity

A

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

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13
Q

Self Disclosure

A

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

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14
Q

Altruism

A

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

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15
Q

Bystander Effect

A

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

16
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

17
Q

Reciprocity Norm

A

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

18
Q

Social-responsibility Norm

A

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

19
Q

Superordinate Goals

A

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

20
Q

GRIT

A

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives Intension-Reduction

A strategy designed to decrease international tensions