Prologue Flashcards
Plato
Greece, Socrates student, thought mind and body were separate, knowledge is born with us
Psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Socrates
thought mind and body were separate, knowledge is born with us
Aristotle
logic and observation, soul and body were one, knowledge isnt preexisting but comes from experiences
Descartes
1595-1650, believed ideas were distinct from body, questioned how mind and body communicate, thought nerves were hollow and allowed brain fluid to flow
Francis Bacon
founder of modern science, from Britain, thinks brain searches for order and patterns, believed in superstitions
John Locke
British philosopher, mind is born a blank slate, tabula rosa
Empiricism
the view that knowledge originates in experience, science should rely on observation/ experiments
Wilhelm Wundt
created experimental machine, measured time between hearing and action, wanted to measure atoms of the mind, started first psychological lab in germany
structuralism
early form of psych that used introspection to explore structure of the mind
Edward Titchener
introduced structuralism and introspection
introspection
looking inward, reporting elements of experience, proved unreliable
functionalism
focused on mental and behavioral processes of a function and how they allow an organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
william James
considered functions of thoughts and feelings, tutored mary calkins, wrote principals of psych, an american
Mary Calkins
Harvard PHD, American psychological association
Margaret Floy Washburn
Wrote animal mind, second female president of APA, first PhD recognized but second person
Humanistic psychology
Perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people, personalized methods to study personality and foster personal growth
Nature- nurture issue
Controversy over contributions genes and experiences made to psychological traits and behaviors
Natural selection
Charles Darwin, inherited trait values that contribute to reproduction and survival will most likely be based on, nature selects the best traits
Levels of analysis
Different complementary views from biological to psychological to social culture for analyzing given phenomenon
Sigmund freud
Influenced self understanding about unconscious effecting behavior
Evolutionary perspective
How natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes
Behavior genetics perspective
How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
Neuroscience perspective
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory images
Psychodynamic perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral perspective
How we learn observable responses
Cognitive perspective
Hoe we encode processes, store, And retrieve information
Social-cultural perspective
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
basic research
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
applied research
scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
biological psychologists
explore links between brain and mind
developmental psychologists
study our challenges and abilities from womb to tomb
cognitive psychologists
experiment with how we perceive think and solve problems
personality psychologists
investigate our persistent traits
social psychologists
explore how we view and affect one another
counseling psychology
branch that assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well being
clinical psychology
branch that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
psychiatry
branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who can provide medical treatment and psychological therapy
