Chapter 12 Flashcards
Instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates and organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Incentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Glucose
: the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Set point
the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weigh
Basal metabolic rate
the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Anorexia nervosa
: an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Sexual response cycle
the four stages of sexual responding describe by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Refractory period
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Sexual disorder
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
