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AP Psych > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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0
Q

Biological

A

Periodic physiological fluctuations

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Circadian

A

The biological clock, regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hr cycle like temperature and wakefulness

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3
Q

REM sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occurs. Also known as paradoxical sleep because ten muscles are relaxed but all other body systems are active.

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4
Q

Alpha waves

A

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

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5
Q

Sleep

A

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

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6
Q

Hallucinations

A

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

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7
Q

Delta waves

A

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

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8
Q

Insomnia

A

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

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9
Q

Narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

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10
Q

Sleep apnea

A

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

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11
Q

Night terrors

A

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

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12
Q

Dream

A

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

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13
Q

Manifest content

A

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

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14
Q

Latent content

A

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). Freud believed that a dream’s latent content functions as a safety valve.

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15
Q

Information processing

A

Dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories

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16
Q

Freuds wish fulfillment

A

Dreams provide a psychic safety calve expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest or remembered content and a deeper layer of latent contend- a hidden dream meaning

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17
Q

Physiological function

A

Regular brain stimulation from rem sleep may help develop and per serve neural pathways

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18
Q

Activation-synthesis

A

Rem sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

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19
Q

Cognitive theory

A

Dream content reflects dreams cognitive development their knowledge and understanding

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20
Q

Rem rebound

A

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

21
Q

Hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

22
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

Austrian physician, credited for hypnotic techniques

23
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion

A

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

24
Q

Dissociation

A

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. Divided conscious theory’s

25
Q

Social influence theory

A

Hypnotic phenomena are not unique to hypnosis

26
Q

Ernest hilgard

A

Viewed hypnotic dissociation as a vivid form of everyday mind splits. A special state of dissociated consciousness

27
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.

28
Q

Tolerance

A

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

29
Q

Withdrawl

A

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

30
Q

Physical dependence

A

a psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

31
Q

Psychological dependence r

A

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

32
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive drug craving and use

33
Q

Depressants

A

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

34
Q

Barbiturates

A

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

35
Q

Opiates

A

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

36
Q

Stimulants

A

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

37
Q

Amphetamines

A

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

38
Q

Methamphetamines

A

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

39
Q

Ecstasy MDMA

A

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

40
Q

Hallucinogens

A

psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

41
Q

LSD

A

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

42
Q

THC

A

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

43
Q

Near death experience

A

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

44
Q

Dualism

A

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

45
Q

Monism

A

the presumption that mind and body are separate aspects of the same thing

46
Q

Non-REM sleep

A

?

47
Q

Cognitive development

A

?

48
Q

Theodore Barber

A

.

49
Q

Age regression

A

?

AP Psych (15 decks)

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