Process of Cell Division Flashcards
Learn how cell division works
Why do Cells Divide
F
Cells divide because as they get older, proccesses like diffusion and osmosis can no longer occur. They also divide to make the actual organism they are a part of grow. They also divide to replace cells that have once died.
What are the two types of cellular divison
(Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic)
F
In Prokaryotic cells, they divide through Binary Fusion, and in Eukaryotic cells, they divide through Mitosis and Cytokinesis.
What are the three phases of the Cell Cycle in Eukaryotic Cells
F
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What happens during Interphase
C
During interphase, the Cell grows larger and larger, carrying out all of its daily functions except for cell division. Near the end of this period, the DNA, which is in long thin strands, as well as organelles are, creating an identical cell parts. This is the longest stage of cell division.
What is Mitosis and what are the four parts of it.
F
The goal of Mitosis in a cell is to set the cell up to divide into two identical daughter cells. This is achieved in four parts, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What is Prophase
C
Prophase is the first phase of Mitosis, in which it aims to make the DNA ready to divide. The long strands are seprated and turned into Chromosomes which are visible under a microscope. Each Chromosome has two identical strands called sister chromatids, which are held together by a centromere. During this process, the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus dissolves, and is the longest phase of Mitosis
What is Metaphase
C
The two chromosomes and its sister chromatides line up in the equotorial plate. Each chromsome is attatched to spindle fibers, which are also connected to a centriole at the opposite side of the cells.
What is Anaphase
C
During this phase, the centromere holding the sister chromatids break off and then are pulled to the cell pole by the spindle fibers. They are then called daugher Chromosomes and begin to move to their respective poles.
What is Telophase
C
As the daugher chromsomes go to their poles, they become thinner and are no longer become visible, and at the end of this phase, their appears to be two nuclei, which signfies the end of Mitosis and the start of Cytokinesis.
What is Cytokinesis
C
Cytokinesis, also known as the division of the cytoplasm, is when the cytoplasm dissolves to produce the two genetically similar cells created during Mitosis. In plant cells, there is a plate that goes in between the cells and creates the cell wall, whereas in animal cells, the cell membrane is pinched off in the center.
Why may cells not divide
F
They may not divide if:
- They get signals from surronding cells to not divide
- There is not enough nutrients for cell growth
- The DNA within the nucleus has not been replicated
- There DNA within the nucleus is damaged.
What is Osmosis
F
Osmosis is the movement of water in a cell membrane from a low solute concentration, i.e of sugar or salt, to a higher solute cocentration, in order to balance it out.
What is Diffusion
F
Diffusion is the natural movement of particles in a high concentration to a low concentration. I.E, how when perfume is sprayed, is moves to areas of low concentration where there is no perfume, i.e, the other side of the room. This, similarly to Osmosis, is to balance out the concentration.
