problem 6 - moral reasoning/judgement Flashcards
Utilitarian theory
morality of action is judged based on its consequences; intentions are irrelevant
Consequences of lack of sleep
- lower moral awareness
- difficulty directing and maintaining attentional processes
- decline in glucose metabolism in PFC
dual process theory
- two competing neural systems
- utilitarian and ontological judgments produced by two systems
moral attentiveness
- like a personality trait
- stable
moral awareness
- determination that a situation contains moral content
- can change from moment from moment
moral reasoning - key word
process in which individuals try to determine the difference between what is right and wrong by using logic
moral judgments - key word
……
social intuitionism -key word
..
moral dumbfounding
people have strong moral reactions but fail to establish any rational principle to explain it
moral identity - key word
– the degree to which being a moral person is important to a person’s identity
internalization - moral identity
- chronic accessibility of a person’s moral self-schema
- subective experience of having moral identity
symbolization - moral identity
-importance a person places on exhibiting a public moral self as a way of affirming ones morality
moral judgments and Values
- WEIRD cultures
-emphasize individual rights and independence
moral judgments and values
-Non-WEIRD cultures
-more strongly moralize duty-based communal obligations and spiritual purity
trolley dilemmas
WEIRD vs Non-WEIRD cultures
WEIRD: flipping lever is seen as right choice
Non-WEIRD: would consider additional contextual information (e.g. ‘is it my duty to act?’)
conservative/ liberal view of fairness
conservative: equity
liberal: equal outcomes means fairness , equality
equity/equality in western and non-western cultures
western: equity -> outcomes are proportional to personal effort
non western: equality -> all individuals deserve equal outcomes
relationship regulation theory
- moral intuitions are defined by particular social relationships in which they occur
- wrong/right depends on social context
- any action may be perceived as morally corrected depending on the moral motive and how relevant the social relationship is
moral pluralism
…
Moral motives within relationship regulation theory
- unity
- hierachry
- equality
- proportionality
- > only need to consider one of the motives
prescriptive moral regulation
Performance of moral acts (helping, sharing, giving…)
proscriptive moral regulation
Avoiding morally unacceptable behaviors
Internalization primacy principle
a) Internalization is more important than symbolization
b) Symbolization is more important when internalization is low
Internalization-symbolization equality principle
a) Internalization and symbolization both shape how individuals react to cues in their environment
moral foundations theory - haidt
key word !
- 5 psychological foundations on which most cultures and individuals build their systems of morality
individualizing foundations:
focus on provision and protection of rights
-care/harm
-fairness/cheating
Binding foundations: cover a group-or collective-oriented view of morality -loyalty/betrayal -authority/subversion -purity(sanctity)/degadation
morality is Not empathy
- empathy impacts morality
- just having more empathy does not mean you judge more morally
low income people have…
- more prosocial behavior
moral foundations - key word
…
social intuitionist model (SIM) by Haidt
- set of causal links, connecting 3 types of psychological processes
moral dumbfounding
-people make strong emotional conclusions that they can not logically explain
