problem 6 - moral reasoning/judgement

Question 1

Utilitarian theory

Answer 1

morality of action is judged based on its consequences; intentions are irrelevant

Question 2

Consequences of lack of sleep

Answer 2

• lower moral awareness
• difficulty directing and maintaining attentional processes
• decline in glucose metabolism in PFC

Question 3

dual process theory

Answer 3

• two competing neural systems

- utilitarian and ontological judgments produced by two systems

Question 4

moral attentiveness

Answer 4

• like a personality trait

- stable

Question 5

moral awareness

Answer 5

• determination that a situation contains moral content

- can change from moment from moment

Question 6

moral reasoning - key word

Answer 6

process in which individuals try to determine the difference between what is right and wrong by using logic

Question 7

moral judgments - key word

Answer 7

……

Question 8

social intuitionism -key word

Answer 8

..

Question 9

moral dumbfounding

Answer 9

people have strong moral reactions but fail to establish any rational principle to explain it

Question 10

moral identity - key word

Answer 10

– the degree to which being a moral person is important to a person’s identity

Question 11

internalization - moral identity

Answer 11

• chronic accessibility of a person’s moral self-schema

- subective experience of having moral identity

Question 12

symbolization - moral identity

Answer 12

-importance a person places on exhibiting a public moral self as a way of affirming ones morality

Question 13

moral judgments and Values

- WEIRD cultures

Answer 13

-emphasize individual rights and independence

Question 14

moral judgments and values

-Non-WEIRD cultures

Answer 14

-more strongly moralize duty-based communal obligations and spiritual purity

Question 15

trolley dilemmas

WEIRD vs Non-WEIRD cultures

Answer 15

WEIRD: flipping lever is seen as right choice

Non-WEIRD: would consider additional contextual information (e.g. ‘is it my duty to act?’)

Question 16

conservative/ liberal view of fairness

Answer 16

conservative: equity
liberal: equal outcomes means fairness , equality

Question 17

equity/equality in western and non-western cultures

Answer 17

western: equity -> outcomes are proportional to personal effort
non western: equality -> all individuals deserve equal outcomes

Question 18

relationship regulation theory

Answer 18

• moral intuitions are defined by particular social relationships in which they occur
• wrong/right depends on social context
• any action may be perceived as morally corrected depending on the moral motive and how relevant the social relationship is

Question 19

moral pluralism

Answer 19

…

Question 20

Moral motives within relationship regulation theory

Answer 20

• unity
• hierachry
• equality
• proportionality
• > only need to consider one of the motives

Question 21

prescriptive moral regulation

Answer 21

Performance of moral acts (helping, sharing, giving…)

Question 22

proscriptive moral regulation

Answer 22

Avoiding morally unacceptable behaviors

Question 23

Internalization primacy principle

Answer 23

a) Internalization is more important than symbolization

b) Symbolization is more important when internalization is low

Question 24

Internalization-symbolization equality principle

Answer 24

a) Internalization and symbolization both shape how individuals react to cues in their environment

Question 25

moral foundations theory - haidt

key word !

Answer 25

• 5 psychological foundations on which most cultures and individuals build their systems of morality

individualizing foundations:
focus on provision and protection of rights
-care/harm
-fairness/cheating

Binding foundations: 
cover a group-or collective-oriented view of morality 
-loyalty/betrayal
-authority/subversion
-purity(sanctity)/degadation

Question 26

morality is Not empathy

Answer 26

• empathy impacts morality

- just having more empathy does not mean you judge more morally

Question 27

low income people have…

Answer 27

• more prosocial behavior

Question 28

moral foundations - key word

Answer 28

…

Question 29

social intuitionist model (SIM) by Haidt

Answer 29

• set of causal links, connecting 3 types of psychological processes

Question 30

moral dumbfounding

Answer 30

-people make strong emotional conclusions that they can not logically explain