Private Pilot Ground School Flashcards

Question

Compass Error Acceleration: ANDS

Answer 1

Accelerate North Decelerate South

Answer 2

Undershoot North Overshoot South

Answer 3

Small secondary flight control surfaces that are attached to the trailing edge of a larger, primary control surface such as an elevator or rudder.

Answer 4

Weight - Lift Drag - Thrust To be in unaccelerated flight all forces must be equal.

Answer 5

Lateral - Pitch - Elevators Longitudinal - Roll - Ailerons Vertical - Yaw - Rudder

Answer 6

Each axis of flight is an imaginary line around which an airplane can turn. Think of an airplane rotating around an axis like a wheel rotates around an axle.

Answer 7

-The rudder is located on the tail of the aircraft. -To counteract the adverse yaw encountered in a turn. It is not the primary method of steering. Its main purpose is to counteract the drag caused by the lowered aileron during a turn. The lift and drag imbalance between left and right ailerons creates something called adverse yaw. The rudder when used correctly to coordinate the turn will counteract adverse yaw. This adverse yaw, is the tendency of the nose of an airplane to point away, or outwards, from the direction of the turn. The rudder helps to correct this by pushing the nose in the correct direction, maintaining what is known as coordinated flight. Note: Rudder controls the Yaw of the aircraft.

Answer 8

The ailerons are located at the rear of the wing, one on each side. They work opposite to each other; so when one is raised, the other is lowered. Their job is to increase the lift on one wing while reducing the lift on the other. By doing this, they roll the aircraft sideways, which allows the aircraft to turn. This is the primary method of steering a fixed wing aircraft.

Answer 9

The elevator helps elevate the aircraft. It is usually located on the tail of the aircraft and serves two purposes. the first is to provide stability by producing a downward force on the tail. (Airplanes are traditionally nose heavy and the downward force is required to compensate for that.) the second is to direct the nose of the aircraft either upwards or downwards, known as pitch, in order to make the airplane climb or descend.

Answer 10

If a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.

Answer 11

Force = Mass(Acceleration) F=MA

Answer 12

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. If object A exerts a force on object B, object B also exerts an equal and opposite force on object A.

Answer 13

The positive influence on the lifting characteristics of the horizontal surfaces of an aircraft wing when it is close to the ground. Occurs when an aircraft flies over a surface at an altitude of less than half its wingspan.

Answer 14

Created as a result of lift. As your wing passes through the air, an area of lower air pressure is formed on top of the wing.

Answer 15

The result of high pressure air seeking equilibrium with the lower pressure air on top of the wing. High pressure air below the wing creates vortices as it moves to the lower pressure air. These vortices change the direction and speed of the airflow behind the trailing edge of the wing. The airflow deflects downward, which is called downwash.

Answer 16

Caused by cooling of the ground, which cools the surrounding air to its dew point. Common both at night and dawn This fog tends to burn off when the sun heats up the ground and air. The best conditions for radiation fog to form are clear skies, little to no wind, and high relative humidity.

Answer 17

Caused by moist air moving over cooler ground or water. It's most common along the coast, as sea breeze blows moist air over land. This type of fog is very common in the pacific northwest, and is usually much more persistent than radiation fog.

Answer 18

Steam fog forms when cold and dry air moves over warm water. Common during cold weather months. This type of fog tends to be very low level, affecting seaplane pilots and pilots flying on runways next to the water.

Answer 19

As moist, stable air moves up along terrain, it cools. This causes upslope fog. Upslope fog can extend hundreds of feet above surrounding terrain.

Answer 20

Caused by warm rain falling through cool air. This fog is dense and long lasting. Mixed with rain, it can be tough to determine exactly where precipitation fog is and isn't

Answer 21

Freezing fog occurs when tiny droplets of water are supercooled in the air. Once they contact a surface (or condensation nuclei) the droplets freeze on contact. It typically needs to be very cold or freezing fog to form, roughly 15 degrees Fahrenheit or colder.

Answer 22

The velocity of the relative wind does not matter. The airfoil will always stall when the critical AOA is reached. It's where the airflow separates from the wing causing lift to be degraded, can be exceeded in any attitude, and even at different airspeeds if there is more or less than 1 G on the airplane. The airplane can even stall with the nose pitched below the horizon.

Answer 23

Defined as the angle between the chord of an airfoil and the relative wind.

Answer 24

The angle between the flight path vector and the horizon. Also the climb or descent angle.

Answer 25

The up or down attitude of the nose or wing.

Answer 26

Is where the airplane is going. The trajectory The flight path vector is also a thing

Answer 27

drag caused by the friction of a fluid against the surface of an object that is moving through it. Directly proportional to the area of the surface in contact with the fluid and increases with the square of the velocity. In aerodynamics the fluid is the atmosphere.

Answer 28

The portion of the resisting force encountered by a body moving through a fluid that is due to the irregularity of shape of the body.

Answer 29

A measure of the curvature of the airfoil.

Answer 30

an imaginary straight line joining the leading edge and the trailing edge of an aerofoil.

Answer 31

The airflow relative to an airfoil and is created by movement of an airfoil through the air.

Answer 32

the air that is deflected by flowing around an airfoil Created as a byproduct of the production of lift.

Answer 33

C: Currency L: License I: ID M: Medical B: Biannual Flight Review Logbook with endorsements is also necessary

Answer 34

T: Transponder (24 Months) 91.413 H: Hundred Hour (For Hire) 91.409 E: ELT (12 Cal. Months) 91.207 A: Airworthiness Directives A: Annual (12 Cal Months) Completed by IA. IA= Inspector of Aircrafts

Answer 35

V: VOR Check (30 days prior) 91.171 I: Instrument: Altimeter (24 Cal Months) 91.411 P: Pitot/Static (24 Cal Months) 91.411

Answer 36

Placard and disable per 91.213 and 43.11

Answer 37

Another airport that can be used in case the original destination is unreachable or otherwise less desirable.

Answer 38

Simple Version: VFR Day: A to B + 30 mins (FAA) + 10 mins (SUU) VFR Night: A to B + 45 mins (FAA) + 10 mins (SUU) No person may begin a flight in an airplane under VFR conditions unless there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing. During the day, to fly after that for at least 30 minutes. or at night, to fly after that for at least 45 minutes.

Answer 39

Valid until next issued

Answer 40

Airport traffic area

Answer 41

Issued 50 to 55 minutes after the hour

Answer 42

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast Issued 4 times daily (0000z 0600z 1200z 1800z) every six hours Covers only 5 Statute Miles around the airport traffic area Note: a routine TAF is valid for 24 hours

Answer 43

Common situations that can lead to a stall are: - Flying at low airspeed with high angles of attack, such as during takeoff or landing. - Abrupt maneuvers or steep climbs. - Excessive bank angles during turns. - High load factors due to turbulence or pulling tight turns. Note: a stall causes a rapid loss of lift. A stall occurs when the critical angle of attack is exceeded.

Answer 44

Leading Edge

Answer 45

Trailing Edge

Answer 46

Chord Line

Answer 47

Propwash and the relative wind.

Answer 48

The angle of attack is the angle between the relative wind and the chord line.

Answer 49

Exceed the critical angle of attack.

Answer 50

the smooth orderly movement of a fluid in parallel layers with minimal mixing between layers. The air that flows over wings/Airfoils needs to be smooth to maintain that laminar flow. Boundary layer separation occurs when the laminar flow is disrupted. Most commonly through stalling.

Answer 51

A spin is a aggravated stall where yaw is introduced which causes a downward corkscrew path.

Answer 52

Yes. This occurs during uncoordinated flight.

Answer 53

Turn rate is faster than the bank angle, causing the inside wing to generate more lift and yaw the nose inside the turn. Correction: increase the rate of turn or decrease the bank angle to correct the slipping tendency. Step on the ball! Inclinometer: the ball will be inside the turn in a slip. the ball will be outside the turn in a skid. Note: the skid is more dangerous than the slip.

Answer 54

Turn rate is slower than the bank angle, causing the outside wing to generate more lift and yaw the nose outside the turn. Decrease the rate of turn or increase the bank angle to correct the skidding tendency.

Answer 55

flight without slipping or skidding. To maintain coordinated flight, a blended mix of rudder, elevator, and ailerons are needed.

Answer 56

The pilot may not have enough elevator authority when landing.

Answer 57

The pilot may not have enough rudder authority to recover from a spin. -Decreased stall speed -Increased cruise efficiency -Decrease Stability (longitudinal) -Decreased recovery in stalls/spins

Answer 58

-Airframe -Engine -All fixed equipment -Unusable fuel and undrainable oil Note: Some aircraft manufacturers include all oil in the aircraft empty weight.

Answer 59

-Pilot -Passengers -Baggage -Fuel and Oil (Unusable)

Answer 60

Takeoff weight is calculated by subtracting the fuel burned from runup and taxi from the ramp weight.

Answer 61

The landing weight is the takeoff weight minus any fuel used.

Answer 62

170 pounds

Answer 63

5,622 feet

Answer 64

What you read on the altimeter when it is correctly adjusted to show approximate height above mean sea level.

Answer 65

Indicated altitude corrected to compensate for instrument error.

Answer 66

Altitude corrected for nonstandard pressure. Displayed when altimeter is set to standard sea level. (29.92) Vertical distance above standard datum plane.

Answer 67

Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. Used to determine aircraft performance. High temp worsens performance Low temp increases performance

Answer 68

Actual height above mean sea level. Used on sectional charts

Answer 69

Actual height above the earth's surface.

Answer 70

ISA International Standard Atmosphere Sea level: 29.92 Temp.: 15C/59F

Answer 71

Heat Height Humidity Each of these factors make air less dense. The less dense air is the less oxygen and air molecules there are relatively. Less air for the engine means less power and less air for the wings means less lift.

Answer 72

-2 degrees Celsius is lost for every 1,000 feet of altitude gained.

Answer 73

78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Trace gasses

Answer 74

From the surface of the earth to: 36,000 feet

Answer 75

A layer in the atmosphere where temperature increases with height instead of decreasing with height as it usually does.

Answer 76

The temperature inverses when the air near the ground is cooled off more rapidly than the layer above it.

Answer 77

Turbulence inversion happens when stagnant air lids turbulent air. The turbulent layer transports heat downwards, cooling its upper layer (Vertical Mixing). But the layer of static air is unmixed and thus it's warmer than below.

Answer 78

When a significant layer of air descends due to high pressure, it warms up rapidly, and the air at lower altitudes remains colder.