Principles - Embryology 01 - Intro

Question 1

What is embryology?

Answer 1

The study of the development of a fertilised egg to a baby

Question 2

Up until the end of week 3, a developing fertilised egg is called a…

Answer 2

conceptus

Question 3

Up until the end of week 8, a developing fertilised egg is called a(n)…

Answer 3

Embryo

Question 4

After week 8, a developing baby is called a(n)…

Answer 4

Foetus

Question 5

What term is used to refer to the formation of gametes?

Answer 5

Gametogenesis

Question 6

Oocytes are formed by…

Answer 6

Oogenesis

Question 7

Sperm are formed by…

Answer 7

Spermatogenesis

Question 8

What is meant by fertilisation?

Answer 8

Fusion of the sperm and oocyte to make a zygote

Question 9

What is meant by cleavage in embryology?

Answer 9

Rapid stage of cell division

Question 10

Why does the embryo not increase in size during cleavage?

Answer 10

Zona pellucida means that cells cannot expand outwith this cavity

Question 11

What is gastrulation?

Answer 11

Formation of the germ layers which occurs in week 3 of development

Question 12

Which germ layers are formed during gastrulation?

Answer 12

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 13

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

Answer 13

Skin

Question 14

What does the endoderm give rise to?

Answer 14

GI tract

Question 15

When in development do the heart and neural tube begin to form?

Answer 15

Around week 3

Question 16

What happens during embryonic folding?

Answer 16

Skin and GI tract form

Question 17

When in development does embryonic folding occur?

Answer 17

Week 4

Question 18

What is the formation of organs and organ systems called?

Answer 18

Organogenesis

Question 19

What developments occur during the fetal period?

Answer 19

increase in weight, CNS forms, overt sexual differentiation

Question 20

Which anatomical terms are used to describe a foetus?

Answer 20

Cranial/Caudal, Ventral/Dorsal

Question 21

Name the 6 primary processes which occur during embryological development.

Answer 21

Cell division, Differentiation, apoptosis, cell attachment, cell migration, induction

Question 22

Name the 2 secondary processes which occur during embryological development.

Answer 22

Axis formation, folding/rotation

Question 23

State the 3 factors which control embryological development.

Answer 23

Genetics, Epigenetics and environmental factors

Question 24

What is meant by epigenetics?

Answer 24

Preference of expression of either the maternal or paternal form of the gene