Principles - Anatomy 09 - Reproductive System Flashcards
The male gamete is called…
Spermatozoa
The female gamete is called…
Oocyte/Ovum
What is the exact point of fertilisation in most cases?
Ampulla of the uterine tube
Reproductive organs are found within…
Pelvic cavity
The pelvic inlet follows which bones?
Sacrum, ileum, pubic bone
The pelvic outlet follows which bones?
Coccyx & isheum
What is the pelvic roof called?
Peritoneum
Where is the location of the parietal peritoneum?
Lines abdominal cavity then drapes over pelvic viscera
What are the pouches of the pelvic roof called in females?
vesico-uterine pouch and recouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
In the female dissected pelvis, where would the rectum, bladder and uterus lie?
Top to bottom: rectum, uterus, bladder
Name the female orifices of the perineum from front to back.
External urethral orifice, vaginal orifice, anus
What are the female reproductive organs?
Ovaries only
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium
Which layer of the uterus sheds during the monthly cycle?
Endometrium
What is the opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity called?
Fimbriae of uterine tube
What is the narrow section of the uterine tube approaching the uterus called?
Isthmus
Ovum is gathered by fimbriae into … of uterine tube
infundibulum
What is meant by an ectopic pregnancy?
Fertilised egg implants outwith uterus
What is the most common type of ectopic pregnancy?
Tubul pregnancy
When a fertilised ovum implants onto one of the abdominal organs, this is called…
Abdominal pregnancy
What is peritonitis?
Spread of infection (usually STI) into the peritoneal cavity
What occurs during female sterilisation?
Tubal ligation
How many tubal ligation occur?
Clip, cut or cauterise tubes
Explain how STI’s can cause infertility.
Can block the uterine tubes
Why is the pouch of Douglas clinically important?
Fluid from the abdominal cavity can build up here (blood, pus etc.)
In the anatomical position, the penis is…
erect
The side of the penis which is closest to the anus is described as…
anterior
Explain how the testes develop.
Originate on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity and descend into the scrotum through the iguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall.
What is the role of the vas deferens?
Transports sperm from the testis to the scrotum, almost connecting to the urethra
Where exactly are sperm cells produced?
Seminiferous tubules of the testes
Which muscle carefully controls temperature in the testes?
Dartos muscle
Explain the passage of sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens
Seminiferous tubules –> rete testis –> head of epididymis –> tail of epididymis –> vas deferens
What features does the spermatic cord contain?
Vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins
Explain what is meant by testicular torsion.
Spermatic cord becomes twisted, resulting in reduced blood flow to the testes and extreme pain. May result in necrosis of testes
What is the role of the seminal glands?
To produce seminal fluid
What passes through the protestatic urethra?
Urine from the bladder and semen
What is the middle of the penis called?
Body of the penis
What is the tip of the penis called?
Glans
What is the hole in the penis called?
External urethral orifice
The male reproductive organs are…
Testes only
What are the male accessory reproductive organs?
Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate gland and penis
Explain how sperm get from the testes to the urethra.
Pass via vas deferens in a spermatic cord through the iguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall then re-enters the pelvic cavity behind the bladder. Each vas deferens combines with a seminal gland which produces seminal fluid then ejaculatory glands before draining into the urethra.
Which operation is carried out to achieve male sterilisation?
Vasectomy
What occurs during vasectomy?
Vas deferens transected & its lumen sutured closed
