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Anatomy everything > Principles - Anatomy 04 - Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

Principles - Anatomy 04 - Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of circulation?

A

Pulmonary and Systemic

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2
Q

What is the average heart rate?

A

60 - 100 bpm

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3
Q

What is heart failure?

A

The heart does not pump well enough

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4
Q

What area of the chest cavity is the heart contained within?

A

middle Mediastinum

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5
Q

What is the sac that surrounds the heart called?

A

pericardial sac

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous and Serous perdicardium

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7
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Prevents the heart from overfilling

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8
Q

What is the function of the serous pericardium?

A

Secretes serous fluid

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9
Q

What condition can Haemopericardium lead to?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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10
Q

What is the area of the serous pericardium that touches the heart called?

A

Visceral serous pericardium

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11
Q

What is the area of the serous pericardium that does not touch the heart called?

A

Parietal serous pericardium

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12
Q

What are the three layers of cardiac tissue called?

A

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

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13
Q

What is the outermost layer of cardiac tissue called?

A

Epicardium/visceral serous pericardium

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14
Q

What is the middle layer of cardiac tissue called?

A

Myocardium

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15
Q

What is the internal layer of cardiac tissue called?

A

Endocardium

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16
Q

What type of cells make up the endocardium?

A

Epithelial cells

17
Q

What is the space between the visceral and parietal serous pericardium called?

A

Pericardial cavity

18
Q

What is the bottom tip of the heart called?

A

Apex

19
Q

What is the name given to the section of the heart which rests on the diaphragm?

A

Diaphragmatic

20
Q

What chamber lies on the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

21
Q

What chamber lies on the left border of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

22
Q

What is the septum between the ventricles called?

A

Interventricular septum

23
Q

What is the AV valve on the right hand side called?

A

Tricuspid valve

24
Q

What is the AV valve on the left hand side called?

A

Bicuspid valve

25
Q

Explain the normal route for electrical conduction in the heart.

A

Electrical signal originates in the Sinoatrial (SA) node across the atria then to the atrioventricular (AV) node then along fibres in the interventricular septum and then through the myocardium to the ventricles

26
Q

State 2 function of the fibrous cardiac skeleton

A

Ensures valves are kept open and retains electrical impulses, ensuring that they travel normally along the fibres

27
Q

What are cells in the myocardium called?

A

Myocytes

28
Q

What is fibrillation?

A

Uncoordinated contraction of cardiac muscles

29
Q

State 2 factors that can affect heart rate.

A

Nerves attached to the heart and chemical signals within the blood

Anatomy everything (24 decks)

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