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Anatomy everything > Anatomy of the GI tract - Principles - Week 9 > Flashcards

Anatomy of the GI tract - Principles - Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 9 components of the GI tract.

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, Rectum, anal canal, anus

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2
Q

State 4 functions of the oral cavity.

A

Sensing, Salivation, chewing, initiating swallowing

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3
Q

State 3 functions of the pharynx.

A

Defence against infection (tonsils), swallowing, airway protection

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4
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Transit from pharynx to stomach

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5
Q

State 3 functions of the stomach and small intestine.

A

Transit, defence against infection (acid), digestion and absorption

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6
Q

State 4 functions of the anus & anal canal.

A

Transit, reabsorption of water & electrolytes, stool formation, waste excretion

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7
Q

Which 5 organs form the upper GI tract?

A

Oral cavity, pharnyx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine

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8
Q

What are the 6 areas that form the lower GI tract?

A

Caecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus

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9
Q

Which junction separates the upper and lower GI tracts?

A

Ileocecal junction

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10
Q

Which structure prevents aspiration of food?

A

Epiglottis

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11
Q

Movement of opening and closing the jaw occur at the …

A

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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12
Q

How many muscles are required to open the jaw?

A

1

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13
Q

How many muscles are required to close the jaw?

A

3

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14
Q

What is the muscle for opening the jaw called?

A

Lateral Pytergoid

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15
Q

What are the muscles required for closing the jaw called?

A

Medial Pytergoid, Temporalis, Masseter

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16
Q

Which muscle prevents dribbling during chewing/swallowing?

A

Orbicularis Oris

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17
Q

The gums are called…

A

Gingiva

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18
Q

The oral cavity is lined internally with mucosa, which has which type of cells?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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19
Q

The part of the tongue that can normally be seen is…

A

Anterior

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20
Q

The front of the tongue is composed of…

A

Filiform papillae

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21
Q

What do Filiform papillae do?

A

Sense temperature/touch

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22
Q

Name 3 types of cell on the tongue which have taste buds.

A

Foliate papillae, vallate papillae & fungiform papillae

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23
Q

What type of muscles move the tongue around?

A

Extrinsic

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24
Q

What type of muscles change the shape of the tongue?

A

Intrinsic

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25
Q

Which lubricant is contained in saliva?

A

Mucin

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26
Q

What are the 3 main salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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27
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Near the ear

28
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located?

A

Under the tongue

29
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands located?

A

In oral mucosa

30
Q

Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

31
Q

Why are young children more likely to choke?

A

Their epiglottis is weaker

32
Q

The oesophagus is lined with which type of cells?

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

33
Q

Where does the oesophagus pierce the abdomen?

A

T10 level

34
Q

How many layers of muscle are present on the anterolateral wall?

A

3

35
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

A continuous serous membrane, which secretes lubricating peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity

36
Q

Which part of the peritoneum invests in organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum

37
Q

Which part of the peritoneum lines the body wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum

38
Q

Name the 4 quadrants of abdominal organs.

A

RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ

39
Q

Name the 9 areas for classifying abdominal organs.

A

Epigastric, Umbillical, Pubic, Right Hypochondrium, Left Hypochondrium, Right Lumbar, Left Lumbar, Right Iguinal, Left Iguinal

40
Q

Which organs of the GI tract lie in the pelvic cavity?

A

Rectum, anal cavity, anus

41
Q

The small intestine is attached to the body wall by…

A

Mesentry

42
Q

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

43
Q

Name the 6 parts of the large intestine, starting from the ileocecal junction.

A

Caecum, (Appendix), Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, Sigmoid colon

44
Q

The wall of the rectum and anal canal is composed of…

A

Smooth muscle

45
Q

The anus is composed from which type of muscle?

A

Skeletal

46
Q

Which direction of movement occurs during peristalsis?

A

Shortening and narrowing of the tube

47
Q

Which layer causes shortening of the GI tube?

A

Outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

48
Q

Which layer causes narrowing of the GI tube?

A

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle

49
Q

What is meant by colicky pain?

A

Pain in the GI tract which comes and goes

50
Q

What is the body’s response to a blockage in the GI tract?

A

Increased peristalsis behind the obstruction

51
Q

What type of mucosa is present in the oral cavity, oesophagus and anus?

A

Protective

52
Q

What type of mucosa is present in the stomach?

A

Secretory

53
Q

What type of mucosa is present in the small and large intestines?

A

Absorptive

54
Q

Name the 3 sphincters in the GI tract.

A

Cricopharyngeal, pyloric, external anal

55
Q

Name the 5 organs which are included in the foregut.

A

Oesophagus to mid-duodenum, liver, gall bladder, spleen, half of pancreas

56
Q

Which 2 areas are included in the Midgut?

A

1/2 of pancreas, Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of Transverse colon

57
Q

What is meant by the Hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3rd of Transverse colon to Proximal ½ of Anal canal

58
Q

Blood supply to the abdominal organs passes through…

A

Retroperitoneum

59
Q

Blood is supplied to the abdominal organs by…

A

Descending (abdominal) aorta

60
Q

Blood is drained from the abdominal organs by the…

A

Inferior Vena Cava

61
Q

Which branch of the artery supplies the foregut organs with blood?

A

Coeliac trunk

62
Q

Which branch of the artery supplies the midgut organs with blood?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

63
Q

Which branch of the artery supplies the hindgut organs with blood?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

64
Q

Which vein drains the foregut?

A

Splenic vein

65
Q

Which vein drains the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

66
Q

Which vein drains the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

67
Q

All blood from the GI tract drains to the liver through the…

A

Hepatic portal vein

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