Anatomy of the GI tract - Principles - Week 9 Flashcards
Name the 9 components of the GI tract.
Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, Rectum, anal canal, anus
State 4 functions of the oral cavity.
Sensing, Salivation, chewing, initiating swallowing
State 3 functions of the pharynx.
Defence against infection (tonsils), swallowing, airway protection
What is the function of the oesophagus?
Transit from pharynx to stomach
State 3 functions of the stomach and small intestine.
Transit, defence against infection (acid), digestion and absorption
State 4 functions of the anus & anal canal.
Transit, reabsorption of water & electrolytes, stool formation, waste excretion
Which 5 organs form the upper GI tract?
Oral cavity, pharnyx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine
What are the 6 areas that form the lower GI tract?
Caecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal, anus
Which junction separates the upper and lower GI tracts?
Ileocecal junction
Which structure prevents aspiration of food?
Epiglottis
Movement of opening and closing the jaw occur at the …
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
How many muscles are required to open the jaw?
1
How many muscles are required to close the jaw?
3
What is the muscle for opening the jaw called?
Lateral Pytergoid
What are the muscles required for closing the jaw called?
Medial Pytergoid, Temporalis, Masseter
Which muscle prevents dribbling during chewing/swallowing?
Orbicularis Oris
The gums are called…
Gingiva
The oral cavity is lined internally with mucosa, which has which type of cells?
Stratified squamous epithelium
The part of the tongue that can normally be seen is…
Anterior
The front of the tongue is composed of…
Filiform papillae
What do Filiform papillae do?
Sense temperature/touch
Name 3 types of cell on the tongue which have taste buds.
Foliate papillae, vallate papillae & fungiform papillae
What type of muscles move the tongue around?
Extrinsic
What type of muscles change the shape of the tongue?
Intrinsic
Which lubricant is contained in saliva?
Mucin
What are the 3 main salivary glands?
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Where is the parotid gland located?
Near the ear
Where is the sublingual gland located?
Under the tongue
Where are the minor salivary glands located?
In oral mucosa
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx.
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Why are young children more likely to choke?
Their epiglottis is weaker
The oesophagus is lined with which type of cells?
non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Where does the oesophagus pierce the abdomen?
T10 level
How many layers of muscle are present on the anterolateral wall?
3
What is the peritoneum?
A continuous serous membrane, which secretes lubricating peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity
Which part of the peritoneum invests in organs?
Visceral peritoneum
Which part of the peritoneum lines the body wall?
Parietal peritoneum
Name the 4 quadrants of abdominal organs.
RUQ, LUQ, LLQ, RLQ
Name the 9 areas for classifying abdominal organs.
Epigastric, Umbillical, Pubic, Right Hypochondrium, Left Hypochondrium, Right Lumbar, Left Lumbar, Right Iguinal, Left Iguinal
Which organs of the GI tract lie in the pelvic cavity?
Rectum, anal cavity, anus
The small intestine is attached to the body wall by…
Mesentry
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Name the 6 parts of the large intestine, starting from the ileocecal junction.
Caecum, (Appendix), Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, Sigmoid colon
The wall of the rectum and anal canal is composed of…
Smooth muscle
The anus is composed from which type of muscle?
Skeletal
Which direction of movement occurs during peristalsis?
Shortening and narrowing of the tube
Which layer causes shortening of the GI tube?
Outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle
Which layer causes narrowing of the GI tube?
Inner circular layer of smooth muscle
What is meant by colicky pain?
Pain in the GI tract which comes and goes
What is the body’s response to a blockage in the GI tract?
Increased peristalsis behind the obstruction
What type of mucosa is present in the oral cavity, oesophagus and anus?
Protective
What type of mucosa is present in the stomach?
Secretory
What type of mucosa is present in the small and large intestines?
Absorptive
Name the 3 sphincters in the GI tract.
Cricopharyngeal, pyloric, external anal
Name the 5 organs which are included in the foregut.
Oesophagus to mid-duodenum, liver, gall bladder, spleen, half of pancreas
Which 2 areas are included in the Midgut?
1/2 of pancreas, Mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of Transverse colon
What is meant by the Hindgut?
Distal 1/3rd of Transverse colon to Proximal ½ of Anal canal
Blood supply to the abdominal organs passes through…
Retroperitoneum
Blood is supplied to the abdominal organs by…
Descending (abdominal) aorta
Blood is drained from the abdominal organs by the…
Inferior Vena Cava
Which branch of the artery supplies the foregut organs with blood?
Coeliac trunk
Which branch of the artery supplies the midgut organs with blood?
Superior mesenteric artery
Which branch of the artery supplies the hindgut organs with blood?
Inferior mesenteric artery
Which vein drains the foregut?
Splenic vein
Which vein drains the midgut?
Superior mesenteric vein
Which vein drains the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric vein
All blood from the GI tract drains to the liver through the…
Hepatic portal vein
