Principles - Anatomy 08 - Bones, Cartilage & Joints Flashcards
What are the different types of joint?
Fibrous, Cartilagenous, Synovial
What is the compromise that must be made in joints?
Stability vs Mobility
How stable are fibrous joints?
Quite stable
What are the two types of fibrous joints?
Syndesmoses and Sutures
What is the function of syndesmoses?
Join bones with fibrous sheets
Give an example of a syndesmose.
interosesseous membrane between radius and ulna
What are sutures?
Fusing between bones
Where are sutures commonly found?
Between the bones of the skull
What are fontanelles?
cavities in the skull which become fused over throughout life
What are the 3 types of fontanelles?
Anterior, posterior and lateral
Why do fontanelles exist?
Due to cephalic-pelvic disproportion, the birth canal is too narrow for the baby’s head so bones must cross over one another
How stable are cartilagenous joints?
Fairly stable
A primary cartilagenous joint is also called…
sychondroses
A secondary cartilagenous joint is also called…
sympheses
What is a syncondroses?
Hyaline cartilage that ossifies into bone
What is a sympheses?
Fibrocartilage separating bones
Where may sympheses be found?
Intervertebral discs
Give an example of a sycondrose joint slipping.
Slipped femeral epiphysis
Give an example of a symphese
Slipped intervertebral disc
What is the outer ring of a vertebral disc called?
annulus fibrous
What is the centre of a vertebral disc called?
nucleus pulposus
Why is it common for a slipped disc to compress the spinal cord?
Nucleus pulposus herniates annulus fibrous at the weakest point which is posteriorly towards the spinal cord
How many bones are joined by a synovial joint?
2 or more
The articular surfaces of a bone involved in a synovial joint are lined with…
hyaline
The joint cavity in a synovial joint contains…
Synovial fluid which cushions, nourishes & lubricates
What are bursae?
A sac of synovial fluid that cushions a joint
In a synovial joint, the bones are connected by…
ligaments
What are the 5 subtypes of synovial joint?
Plane, hinge, biaxial, ball & socket, pivot
List the types of joint in order of increasing stability.
Synovial, cartilagenous, fibrous
Ball and socket joints allow for which type of movement?
Circumduction
Are the hip or shoulder joints tighter?
Hip joint is tighter
Is the hip or shoulder more commonly displaced?
Shoulder
What is meant by ROM?
Normal Range of Movement
What is meant by subluxation?
reduced area of contact between articular surfaces
What is meant by dislocation?
Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces
What is the joint between the cranium and the vertbral column called?
craniovertebral joints
What are the joints between the fingers and toes called?
Interphalangeal joints
What are the joints between the scapula and the clavicle called?
acromioclavicular joints
What kind of joint is the temperomandibular joint?
Synovial
What is unusual about the TMJ?
articular disc in the articular cavity which separates it into the anterior and posterior sections
Dislocation of the TMJ can be…
bilateral or unilateral
What are periarticular arterial anastomoses and why are they important?
Collaterals around joints to ensure that blood supply is not cut off when the joint is bent
