Principles - Anatomy 07 - Muscle Movement

Question 1

Name the 3 different types of muscle.

Answer 1

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Question 2

Fibres commonly found within skeletal muscles are…

Answer 2

myofibrils

Question 3

Why do striations appear when skeletal muscle is viewed through a microscope?

Answer 3

Due to the overlapping of actin and myosin

Question 4

State the 5 types of skeletal muscle.

Answer 4

Flat with aponeurosis, fusiform, circular, pennate, quadrate

Question 5

What is meant by a muscle strain?

Answer 5

Fibres become torn

Question 6

Explain what a fusiform muscle looks like.

Answer 6

Thinner at each end and fatter in the middle

Question 7

State an example of fusiform muscle.

Answer 7

Biceps brachii

Question 8

State an example of a circular muscle.

Answer 8

orbicularis oculi (eye socket)

Question 9

Explain the shape of a pennate muscle

Answer 9

Feather-like

Question 10

Give an example of a pennate muscle

Answer 10

deltoid

Question 11

Explain the shape of a quadrate muscle.

Answer 11

Square

Question 12

Give an example of a quadrate muscle.

Answer 12

rectus abdominus

Question 13

What does a flat muscle with aponeurosis look like?

Answer 13

Fibrous sheet in place of tendons/ligaments

Question 14

Give an example of a flat muscle with aponeurosis

Answer 14

External oblique

Question 15

What is meant by the origin of a muscle?

Answer 15

The most proximal point at which it attaches to bone

Question 16

What is meant by the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 16

The most distal point at which it attaches to bone.

Question 17

Tendons are found…

Answer 17

at the end of muscles

Question 18

Aponeuroses attach via…

Answer 18

soft tissue

Question 19

The direction in which a joint can move depends on…

Answer 19

The position of attachment of the muscle to the bone

Question 20

When the muscle spans the joint anteriorly, this results in…

Answer 20

Flexion

Question 21

When the muscle spans the joint posteriorly, this results in…

Answer 21

Extension

Question 22

Where is the proximal radioulnar joint located?

Answer 22

Just below the elbow

Question 23

From where to where does the deltoid muscle span?

Answer 23

Scapula to humerous

Question 24

The posterior fibres of the deltoid allow for…

Answer 24

extension

Question 25

The anterior fibres of the deltoid allow for…

Answer 25

flexion

Question 26

The middle fibres of the deltoid allow for…

Answer 26

abduction

Question 27

Why can the shoulder circumduct?

Answer 27

Due to the shallow socket of the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 28

What is the difference between a stretch reflex and a flexion withdrawal reflex?

Answer 28

Flexion withdrawal relfex occurs when we touch something potentially damaging but stretch reflex occurs when a muscle is stretched in order to protect it

Question 29

Name the 4 different stretch reflexes.

Answer 29

Biceps, triceps, knee and ankle jerks

Question 30

What is the difference between a tendon and aponeurosis?

Answer 30

Aponeurosis is a flattened tendon and attaches to soft tissue whereas tendons attach muscle to bone.

Question 31

Explain the route taken by deep tendon and stretch reflex pathways.

Answer 31

Sensory neuron, motor neuron in spinal cord, motor neuron

Question 32

A muscle could be termed paralysed if…

Answer 32

motor neuron supply not working, muscle cannot contract, reduced muscle tone

Question 33

Spasticity of a muscle involves…

Answer 33

Constant contraction of the muscle, increased muscle tone - motor neuron still in tact but descending signals from the brain not working

Question 34

Explain what happens during atrophy.

Answer 34

Muscles waste due to inactivity - myocytes reduce in size

Question 35

Explain what happens during hypertrophy.

Answer 35

Myocytes enlarge to develop larger skeletal muscles

Question 36

Where are skeletal muscles found?

Answer 36

Deep fascia

Question 37

What separates skeletal muscles into different compartments?

Answer 37

Intermuscular septum

Question 38

Give an advantage of muscle compartments.

Answer 38

Means that inflammation is contained within that area

Question 39

What is meant by compartment syndrome and how may it be resolved in severe cases?

Answer 39

Pressure build up in muscle compartments due to swelling or bleeding. Relived by fasciotomy

Question 40

Where roughly in the body is skeletal muscle found?

Answer 40

Above top 1/3 of trachea and below pelvis & perineum

Question 41

How many muscle compartments are found in the thigh?

Answer 41

3

Question 42

How many muscle compartments are found in the leg?

Answer 42

3

Question 43

How many muscle compartments are found in the arm?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

How many muscle compartments are found in the forearm?

Answer 44

2