Principles - Anatomy 05 - Circulatory System Flashcards
What is meant by the circulatory system?
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems
What is meant by the great vessels?
vessels which join directly to the heart
What is a neurovascular bundle?
The bundle of related nerve, artery and vein which travel in a bundle
Arteries have branches. true or false?
True
What is meant by the territory of an artery?
The region which it supplies with blood
Which two words in an artery name signify that it will definitely divide again?
Common or trunk
What is meant by bifurcation?
Splitting of an artery into 2
What is meant by trifurcation?
Splitting of an artery into 3
Elastic fibres are most common in which type of arteries?
Those that are most proximal to the heart
Are arteries or veins deeper?
Arteries
What kind of course do arteries usually take?
Curvy
The formation of a connection between arteries without a capillary network in between is called
Anastomosis
An alternative route for blood to take is called a….
collateral
Give an advantage of Anastomoses.
Provides another path for blood if an occlusion occurs
Give a disadvantage of Anastomoses.
If cut, likely to be cut and therefore bleed at both sides.
What are end arteries?
Arteries which are the only ones to supply blood to a certain area.
Give examples of the location of end arteries.
Digits of the finger, coronary artery, central artery of the retina
What is an infarction?
Irreversible damage caused by lack of oxygen due to lack of blood supply
What is meant by tonus/sympathetic tone?
Smooth muscle of the arteries is always slightly constricted to allow for vasodilation
How many parts does the aorta have?
4
What is the territory of the aorta?
The whole body
Name the 4 parts of the aorta.
Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta
How many branches does the ascending aorta have?
2
How many branches does the aortic arch have?
3
How many branches does the thoracic aorta have?
Multiple
How many branches does the abdominal aorta have?
3 paired, 3 un-paired
What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch called?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left carotid, left subclavian
The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into…
right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery
State the names of the right subclavian artery as it travels down the arm.
right subclavian, right axillary, right brachial then bifurcates into right ulnar and right radial
The common carotid arteries bifurcate into…
Internal and external carotid arteries
What is the role of the carotid sinus?
Attached to the glossopharyngeal nerve which detects changes in blood pressure
Where is the carotid sinus found?
Proximal part of the internal carotid artery at the superior border of the thyroid gland
What does the carotid body do?
Detects changes in pH and blood gas levels. Also innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
Which two arteries supply blood to the brain?
Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery
What is meant by the Circle of Willis?
Network of arteries on the inferior aspect of the brain
Why is the blood-brain barrier so difficult to cross?
Tight junctions between cells and surveying astrocytes
Explain the branches of the thoracic aorta.
Posterior bilateral intercostal arteries supply chest wall & anterior surface arteries supply blood to the other organs
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into…
2 common iliac
Common iliacs bifurcate into
internal and external iliacs
Which organs are supplied by the internal iliac arteries?
Pelvis and perineum
Which organs are supplied by the external iliac arteries?
Lower limb
State the 7 peripheral pulses.
carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, posterior tibial, popliteal, dorsalis pedis
Veins have branches. true or false
False, they have tributaries
How is venous blood pumped back to the heart?
skeletal muscle contraction, valves, changes in pressure as a result of breathing
What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?
Superficial veins are smaller and run in the superficial fascia whereas deep veins are larger and run in the deep fascia
What are the two venous systems?
Hepatic portal venous system and systemic venous system
What is the role of the hepatic portal venous system?
Drains venous blood from the GI tract to the liver for ‘cleaning’
Tissue fluid from which region of the body is drained into the right venous angle?
Upper right quarter of the body
Tissue fluid from which region of the body is drained into the left venous angle?
All of the body apart from the upper right quadrant
What role do lymph nodes play in the immune system?
Lymph nodes contain white blood cells (Leukocytes)
Lymph nodes fighting infection or affected by a spreading cancer will…
Be swollen/ can be palpated and will often show up on imaging
