Principles - Anatomy 05 - Circulatory System

Question 1

What is meant by the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems

Question 2

What is meant by the great vessels?

Answer 2

vessels which join directly to the heart

Question 3

What is a neurovascular bundle?

Answer 3

The bundle of related nerve, artery and vein which travel in a bundle

Question 4

Arteries have branches. true or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is meant by the territory of an artery?

Answer 5

The region which it supplies with blood

Question 6

Which two words in an artery name signify that it will definitely divide again?

Answer 6

Common or trunk

Question 7

What is meant by bifurcation?

Answer 7

Splitting of an artery into 2

Question 8

What is meant by trifurcation?

Answer 8

Splitting of an artery into 3

Question 9

Elastic fibres are most common in which type of arteries?

Answer 9

Those that are most proximal to the heart

Question 10

Are arteries or veins deeper?

Answer 10

Arteries

Question 11

What kind of course do arteries usually take?

Answer 11

Curvy

Question 12

The formation of a connection between arteries without a capillary network in between is called

Answer 12

Anastomosis

Question 13

An alternative route for blood to take is called a….

Answer 13

collateral

Question 14

Give an advantage of Anastomoses.

Answer 14

Provides another path for blood if an occlusion occurs

Question 15

Give a disadvantage of Anastomoses.

Answer 15

If cut, likely to be cut and therefore bleed at both sides.

Question 16

What are end arteries?

Answer 16

Arteries which are the only ones to supply blood to a certain area.

Question 17

Give examples of the location of end arteries.

Answer 17

Digits of the finger, coronary artery, central artery of the retina

Question 18

What is an infarction?

Answer 18

Irreversible damage caused by lack of oxygen due to lack of blood supply

Question 19

What is meant by tonus/sympathetic tone?

Answer 19

Smooth muscle of the arteries is always slightly constricted to allow for vasodilation

Question 20

How many parts does the aorta have?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

What is the territory of the aorta?

Answer 21

The whole body

Question 22

Name the 4 parts of the aorta.

Answer 22

Ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta

Question 23

How many branches does the ascending aorta have?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

How many branches does the aortic arch have?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

How many branches does the thoracic aorta have?

Answer 25

Multiple

Question 26

How many branches does the abdominal aorta have?

Answer 26

3 paired, 3 un-paired

Question 27

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch called?

Answer 27

Brachiocephalic trunk, left carotid, left subclavian

Question 28

The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into…

Answer 28

right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Question 29

State the names of the right subclavian artery as it travels down the arm.

Answer 29

right subclavian, right axillary, right brachial then bifurcates into right ulnar and right radial

Question 30

The common carotid arteries bifurcate into…

Answer 30

Internal and external carotid arteries

Question 31

What is the role of the carotid sinus?

Answer 31

Attached to the glossopharyngeal nerve which detects changes in blood pressure

Question 32

Where is the carotid sinus found?

Answer 32

Proximal part of the internal carotid artery at the superior border of the thyroid gland

Question 33

What does the carotid body do?

Answer 33

Detects changes in pH and blood gas levels. Also innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 34

Which two arteries supply blood to the brain?

Answer 34

Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery

Question 35

What is meant by the Circle of Willis?

Answer 35

Network of arteries on the inferior aspect of the brain

Question 36

Why is the blood-brain barrier so difficult to cross?

Answer 36

Tight junctions between cells and surveying astrocytes

Question 37

Explain the branches of the thoracic aorta.

Answer 37

Posterior bilateral intercostal arteries supply chest wall & anterior surface arteries supply blood to the other organs

Question 38

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into…

Answer 38

2 common iliac

Question 39

Common iliacs bifurcate into

Answer 39

internal and external iliacs

Question 40

Which organs are supplied by the internal iliac arteries?

Answer 40

Pelvis and perineum

Question 41

Which organs are supplied by the external iliac arteries?

Answer 41

Lower limb

Question 42

State the 7 peripheral pulses.

Answer 42

carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, posterior tibial, popliteal, dorsalis pedis

Question 43

Veins have branches. true or false

Answer 43

False, they have tributaries

Question 44

How is venous blood pumped back to the heart?

Answer 44

skeletal muscle contraction, valves, changes in pressure as a result of breathing

Question 45

What is the difference between superficial and deep veins?

Answer 45

Superficial veins are smaller and run in the superficial fascia whereas deep veins are larger and run in the deep fascia

Question 46

What are the two venous systems?

Answer 46

Hepatic portal venous system and systemic venous system

Question 47

What is the role of the hepatic portal venous system?

Answer 47

Drains venous blood from the GI tract to the liver for ‘cleaning’

Question 48

Tissue fluid from which region of the body is drained into the right venous angle?

Answer 48

Upper right quarter of the body

Question 49

Tissue fluid from which region of the body is drained into the left venous angle?

Answer 49

All of the body apart from the upper right quadrant

Question 50

What role do lymph nodes play in the immune system?

Answer 50

Lymph nodes contain white blood cells (Leukocytes)

Question 51

Lymph nodes fighting infection or affected by a spreading cancer will…

Answer 51

Be swollen/ can be palpated and will often show up on imaging