Primary Health System PH Flashcards
The combination resources, organization, financing, and management that culminate in the delivery of Health Services to the Population -Roemer, 1991
Health System
… IS A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND SOCIAL WELLBEING, AND NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY.” – ALMA - ATA DECLARATION 1978
HEALTH
Health is…
A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, AND SOCIAL WELLBEING, AND NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY.” – ALMA - ATA DECLARATION 1978
Health Care Common Concern
______________in the people’s health status which is NOT socially, economically, and politically acceptable.
Gross inequality
• “an organized plan of health services”
- Miller & Keane (1987)
Health care system
• “rendering of health care services to the people”
- Williams & Tungpalan (1981)
Health care delivery
• “network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people”
- Williams & Tungpalan (1981)
Health care delivery system
… ESSENTIAL HEALTH CARE BASED ON PRACTICAL, SCIENTIFICALLY SOUND, AND SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE METHODS AND TECHNOLOGY MADE UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTABLE.” - Alma - Ata Declaration 1978
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
• Deals with social policy which targets health equity
Primary Health Care (PHC)
Ultimate goal of Primary Health Care (PHC)
Ultimate goal: better health for all
5 key elements to achieve this goal (WHO):
- Universal coverage to reduce exclusion and social disparities in health
- Service delivery organized around people’s needs
- Public policy that integrates health into all sectors
- Leadership that enhances collaboration
- Increased stakeholder participation
Essential Elements of Primary Health Care
ELEMENTS
Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of identifying, preventing, and controlling them
Locally endemic disease prevention and control
Expanded program of immunization against major infectious diseases
Maternal and child health care including family planning
Essential drugs arrangement (generic name, dosage, frequency use)
Nutritional food supplement, an adequate supply of safe, and basic nutrition
Treatment of communicable and non-communicable disease and promotion of mental health
Safe water and sanitation
Other elements include:
• Expanded options of immunization
• Reproductive health needs
• Provision of essential technologies for health
• Health promotion
• Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
• Food safety and provision of selected food supplements
MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Functions of Health Care Managers
(POSCD)
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Controlling
Directing
• setting priorities and determining performance targets
Planning
• designing the organization or the specific division, unit, or service for which the manager is responsible
Organizing
acquiring and retaining human resources, and developing and maintaining the workforce through various strategies and tactics
Staffing
monitoring staff activities and performance and taking the appropriate actions for corrective actions to increase performance
Controlling
• initiating action in the organization through the effective leadership, motivation, and communication of managers
Directing
Management principles in relation to organizing function:
- Authority, responsibility, and accountability
- Centralization, decentralization, and formalization
- Staffing
• formal and legitimate right of a manager to issue orders, make decisions, and allocate resources to achieve desired outcomes of the organization
Authority
• duty of employee to perform the assigned tasks
Responsibility
reporting and justification of task outcomes to higher management by those in authority
Accountability
Types of Authority
Line Authority
Functional Authority
Staff Authority
managers Issue orders to their subordinates and are also responsible for results
Line Authority
have the power only over specific set of activities
Functional Authority
given to specialists in their areas of expertise.
simply advises, recommends, and
counsels
Staff Authority
refers to the concentration of planning and decision-making to the top of the organization
Centralization
• delegation of planning and decision making to the lower branches of the organization
Decentralization
• a written document provided for the direct control of the employees
Formalization
Staffing (functions of the manager)…
Assign
Assess
Recruit
Improve
Staffing:
_______individuals to respective positions identified in the management plan
assign
Staffing:
_______required competencies through:
identification of the key result areas (KRAs) per major activity
determination of the competencies and qualifications
assess
Staffing:
_____ qualified personnel
recruit
______existing services and programs by
- reviewing and adjusting the requirements accordingly
- matching the competency requirements visa-vis the responsible personnel assigned to the activity
improve
“A COMPLEX SET OF ORGANIZATIONS INTERACTING TO PROVIDE AN ARRAY OF HEALTH SERVICES”
- DIZON, 1977
THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
