Health System Flashcards
is “all the organizations, institutions, resources, and people whose primary purpose is to improve health”
Health system
HEALTH SYSTEM
● “The combination of____,____,____,and_____ that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population.” (Roemer, 1991)
resources, organization, financing, and management
Goals of a Health System (3)
- Improving the health of populations
- Improving the responsiveness of the health system
- Providing fair health financing
COMPONENTS OF A HEALTH SYSTEM (7)
• Community
• Department or ministries of health
• Health care providers
• Health service organizations
• Pharmaceutical companies
• Health financing bodies
• Other organizations related to health sector
• the overarching goal of a health system
Goal #1:
Improving the health of populations
“populations must be protected from existing and emerging health risks
Goal #1:
Improving the health of populations
•strive for equity in health by minimizing inequitable disparities
Goal #1:
Improving the health of populations
• responsiveness refers to providing satisfactory health services and engaging people as active partners
Goal #2: Improving the responsiveness of the health system
health systems have an obligation to respond to the legitimate non-health needs and expectations of populations
Goal #2: Improving the responsiveness of the health system
maximizes people’s autonomy and control
Goal #2: Improving the responsiveness of the health system
“an ideal health system provides social and financial risk protection in health
Goal #3: Providing fair health financing
“according to the World Health Organization:
“ each individual pays approximately the same % of their income for needed services regardless of social status in life
Goal #3: Providing fair health financing
Functions of a Health System (4)
- Health service provision
- Health service inputs
- Stewardship
- Health financing
Health financing
• Revenue collection
• Risk pooling
• Strategic purchasing
most visible product of health system -public and private health service provision
Function #1: Health Service Provision
• health service is any service (not limited to clinical services) aimed at improving the health of populations
Function #1: Health Service Provision
• also known as managing resources, means generating the essential physical resources for the delivery of health services:
• medications
• medical equipment
• human resources (trained doctors & medical staff)
Function #2: Health Service Inputs
“responsibility of health system policymakers
Function #2: Health Service Inputs
•also known as overall system oversight, is the main responsibility of the government
Function #3: Stewardship
• identifying health priorities for allocation of public resources and coordinating activities with others
Function #3: Stewardship
” generating appropriate data for effective decision-making and policymaking (research)
Function #3: Stewardship
• includes raising and pooling funds/resources to pay for health services
Function #4: Health Financing
Function #4: Health Financing (3)
- Revenue collection
- Risk pooling
- Strategic purchasing
_______ is the money earned from payments for health care services
revenue
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection mechanisms
• General taxation
• Donor financing
• Mandatory payroll contributions
• Direct household out-of-pocket expenditures
• Other forms of personal savings
• form of risk management which aims to spread financial risks from an individual to all pool members
Risk Pooling
core function of health insurance companies
Risk Pooling
Risk Pooling main models
Bismarck model
Beveridge model
*an insurance system where the sickness fund finances both the employers and employees through payroll (salary) deduction
Bismarck Model
Bismarck Model is named after
Prussian Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck
underlying principle: health insurance covers everybody
• model widely used:
“Germany
France
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Japan, and,
to a degree, Latin America
Bismarck model
health care is provided and funded by the government through tax payments (shared by government)
Beveridge Model
Beveridge Model is named after
William Beveridge - the social reformer responsible for designing Britain’s Social Security System and the National Health Service
” underlying principle: healthcare is a basic human right
countries with this model:
Hong Kong
Great Britain
Spain
New Zealand
Cuba
Scandinavia
Beveridge Model
[› use collected funds and pooled financial resources wisely to finance health care services
Strategic Purchasing
«minimize costs and maximize quality
Strategic Purchasing
*important part of boosting efficiency and profitability in your company / institution
Strategic Purchasing
save more by getting the best deals
Strategic Purchasing
