Previous deck continued Flashcards
True or False: You don’t need a gallbladder but you do still need bile
True
After kidney
ureter- goes to bladder. No absorption of urine, bc made in kidney.
Nephron
unit in the kidney
True or False: female bladder is ventral
True
Male hormone
testosterone
Uterine horn is smaller for large animals, true or false
true- b/c they will only have one or two offspring
lymph
milk colored fluid that is material that will leak from the cells and contain immune system cells, protein, and injured cells, bacteria, and even tumor cells. Lymph goes to lymph nodes
lymph nodes
filter the lymph, and returns it to blood circulation
True or False: you can physically feel where major lymph nodes are on an animal
True. Can palpate and aspirate to look for anything harmful
Thymus
important in a young animal. will regress and become smaller when an adult but remains and can develop a tumor.
Differentiate between malign and benign tumor
malign- cancer
benign- can still be harmful depending on its location (how large it gets where it is and how it impacts functions in the body because of its size)
Spleen
located on the greater curvature of the stomach. Attached by “attached hole” in the spleen. Filters blood. Not necessary for survival.
If an animal experience torsion of the stomach, what will happen to the spleen
the connections will rupture and cause internal bleeding.
True or false: spleens can have masses several times larger than the spleen itself
True. Makes it more difficult to tell if it is malignant or benign due to large size
hypophysis (pituitary gland)
the area can commonly have a benign tumor, but will cause cushings disease/cause adrenal gland to function more
thyroid
controls metabolism.
hyper-thyroidism
Will usually need surgery to remove tumor or given ionized therapy
hypo-thyroidism
tend to be obese, lack of exercise, thyroid is slower.
parathyroid
4 on each thyroid gland. Controls calcium.
Pancreas
located on the greater curvature of the stomach and follows the first part of the duodenum. 2 functions:
1. Endocrine- secretes inside body (controlling blood glucotes/insulin)
2. Exocrine- secretes outside body (fat and bile. helps with digesting fat- produces digesting enzyme)
Common tumor type of the pancreas
insulinoma- endocrine part of the pancreas. Tumor secretes insulin. These affected animals have a too low level of glucose in the blood. More glucose in cells = less glucose in blood. (insulin causes glucose to go inside the cell) Tumor cells don’t respond to body’s feedback that it has received enough glucose and to stop producing insulin.
Adrenal glands
fight or flight
produce adrenaline
control a lot of minerals (sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.)
Addison’s disease
inability to control mineral regulation due to something wrong with the adrenal gland
Cushing’s disease
adrenal gland overworks
black part of the eye
pupil
colored part of the eye
iris
white part of the eye
sclera
T or F: Most animals have a third eyelid
True
lacrimal glands
produce tears. Animals (and humans?) have two
Nasolacrymal ducts
where tears flow from
What nerves control the eye
3,4,6
Eye muscles
lateral
medial
dorsal
lateral
dorsal oblique
ventral oblique
retractor bulbi- pulls the eyeball inside the socket, allows the third eyelid to come up and protect the eye (animals only). Seen when sleeping. Voluntary movement.
Is the third eyelid active or passive
passive. no muscle attached. Animal must retract eye first for it to come up.
lens
behind the pupil. held in place partially by the iris. the lens help the eye to focus
interior chamber
between cornea and lens of eye
cataracts
abnormal concentrated proteins cause abnormal lens. Animal can not see through it.
nuclear sclerosis
animal can still see through it. Lens just fogs/darkens a little due to age but still allows animal to see.
nerve 2 full name
optic nerve
purpose of the tapetum area of the eye
increases reflection and visibility a night
Define nystagmus
movement of the eye. can test to see if cranial nerves are working normally
Internal vs External pinna
Internal pinna is the interior of the ear, external pinna refers to the outer surface of the ear
What is another word for the eardrum
tympanic membrane
Why are external ear canal infections potentially dangerous
the infection of the external ear canal can cause a rupture of the tympanic membrane, leak into the inner ear, and cause an inner infection. This may cause a head tilt and affect the animal’s ability to balance normally.
T or F: ear masses in the pharynx and/or ear canal are more frequent in canines than feline
False: more frequent in feline
Describe the path of blood to and from the heart in order
Aorta, capillaries, vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta
Everything leaving the heart—
artery
Everything going to the heart—-
vein
