Physical Exams Flashcards
Holding a horse’s tongue will help you control the entire animal: T or F
True
What instrument is used to conduct an ear exam
Otoscope. Try to use the biggest cone that can enter the ear canal without hurting the animal.
Describe otoscopy
Allows you to magnify the inside of the ear on a screen
What causes cauliflower ear
Repetitive ear infections
A polyp develops in two places:
Ear or mouth. Can reoccur
How long does it take for an ear mite to go through its life cycle
2 weeks. Live for 2 months.
What instrument is used to conduct an eye exam
Ophtalmoscope
Moving the lens of an ophthalmoscope in a positive direction does what
Positive- more towards the surface
Proptosis
Eye comes out of socket. Keep lubricated. Use sterile gauze and flush, keep hydrated
Describe the menace test and its purpose
Tests vision
Areas you listen to with stethoscope
Pan left side (
T right side
Describe a heart murmur
Abnormal valve
Describe two arythmias of the heart
Caused by abnormal electricity
- Extra beat
- abnormal beat
Describe diff between heart lub and dub
Lub- valve between atrium and valve to ventricle close
Dub- valve between ventricle and aorta close
T or f: you can have a heartbeat without a pulse
True
What does an EKG (electrocardiogram) measure
Measures the electrical activity of the heart ❤️
Waves: P, Q, R, S, T
Picks up nodes sending signals to contact in the heart. Ex: sinoatrial node
What is a hoof tester
Tool used to put pressure all around the hoof to isolate any issues or absesses
What do patient records include
All physical exams
All lab work
All copies of any reports by outside people (ex. radiology report)
What is the SOAP acronym you should remember when performing a physical exam
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
Give an example of how to be subjective during a physical examination
Ex: feels better, place more weight on his/her limb, more
depress, appears to urinate more
Give an example of how to be objective during a physical examination
Ex: temperature, pulse, heart rate, respiratory rate, urinated 80ml over 4 hours
Give an example of how to make an assessment during a physical examination
Ex: problem list with possible diagnoses
Give an example of how to implement a plan during a physical examination
Ex: chest radiographs, CBC and Chem, abdominal ultrasound, head MRI, prescription, discharge instructions
List the 4 types of laboratory tests
- Blood tests
- Fecal
- Culture and Sensitivity
- Cytology
List the 4 types of imaging
- Radiographs
- Ultrasound
- MRI and CT-Scan
- Videoscopy
Pros of Radiographs
Fast
Inexpensive
ideal for bone
Good for Chest
Portable
Describe the pros and cons of ultrasound
Soft tissue
More expensive
Structure not function
Portable
Ultrasound guided-cytology/biopsy
Describe the pros and cons of the CT Scan (Computerized Tomography)
More expensive
Fast
Usually require general anesthesia
Require a special dedicated room
What can the CT-scan “scan” in the body
soft tissues
pelvis, bones
blood vessels
lungs
brain
abdomen
Describe the pros and cons of the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Very expensive
Big machine with dedicated special room
Usually need general anesthesia
Can be portable
Needs knowledge of the software (i.e. dedicated technician)’
Long study
Best for soft tissues
Best for the brain and spinal cord
Good for inside of bone
Describe the pros and cons of a videoscopy examination
Very good details but narrow field
Expensive
Require general anesthesia
May require surgical setting
May be dangerous
Why should you culture a wound
Culturing helps you to know exactly what you are treating. Helps to match the best antibiotic for the bacteria/find what is most effective
What is the purpose of fine needle aspiration/ coloration by diff quik
Helps discover type of mass without going in surgery
Define abdominalcentesis
4 quadrants of the abdomen are palpated for fluid pockets and small gauge needle withdraws fluid
What protection do you need when doing xrays
Goggles
Thyroid shield
Gloves
Apron
Dosimeter
Define dosimeter
keeps track of how much radiation is going into your body
Define pneumothorax
air between chest and lungs that is abnormal/ not supposed to be there
What is the one fixative and the two colorates that make up diff quik
- Methanol- fixes cell to slide
- Eosin- colors protein
- Methylrne blue- colors nucleus
What percent of red blood cells carry oxygen
45%
