Nomenclature Flashcards by Allison Vankirk

a-, an-
Ex: analgesic

without

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ab-
Ex: abduction

away from

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abdomin-
Ex: abdominocenthesis

relating to the abdomen

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ad-
Ex: adduction

toward

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aden-
Ex: adenocarcinoma

relating to a gland

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-aemia, ema,
Ex: anaemia, anemia

blood condition

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-algia
Ex: fibromyalgia

pain

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ante-
Ex: antebrachium

describing something as positioned in front of

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rostral

towards the nose

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cranial

towards the head

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caudal

towards the rear/tail

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ventral

moving down towards belly

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distal

down towards a limb

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proximal

up from a limb

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pads of front paws

palmar

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pads of back paws

plantar

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arthr-
Ex: arthritis

of or pertaining to the joint, limbs

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bacteri-
Ex: bactericide

pertaining to bacteria

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bi-
Ex: bipartite

twice, double

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bio-
Ex: biology

life

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blephar(o)-
Ex: blepharospasm

of or pertaining to the eyelid

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brachy-
Ex: brachycephalic

indicating “short”

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brady-
Ex: bradycardia

slow

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bronch(i)-
Ex: bronchitis

of or relating to the bronchus

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bucc(o)-
Ex: buccolabial

of or pertaining to the cheek

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burs(o)- (bursitis)

relating to bursa

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cardi-
Ex: cardiogram

of or pertaining to the heart

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carp-
Ex: carpometacarpal joint

of or pertaining to the carpus

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-centesis
Ex: abdominocentesis

surgical puncture for aspiration

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cephal(o)-
Ex: hydrocephalus

of or pertaining to the head

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cerebell(o)-
Ex: cerebellum

of or pertaining to the cerebellum

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cervic-
Ex: cervical vertebrae

of or pertaining to the neck

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chol(o)-
Ex: cholemia

of or pertaining to the bile

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cholecyst(o)
Ex: cholecystoduodenostomy

of or pertaining to the gallbladder

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chondro-
Ex: chondromalacia

cartilage

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-cidal, -cide
Ex: bactericide

killing, destroying

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co-
Ex: coenzymes

with, together, in association

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coccus
Ex: streptococcus

round, spherical

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col-, colo-
Ex: colonoscopy

of or pertaining to the colon

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coron(o)-
Ex: coronography

of or pertaining to the heart

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cortic(o)-
Ex: cerebral cortex

outer region

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crani(o)-
Ex: craniotomy

belonging or relating to the cranium

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cyst(o), cyst-
Ex: cystoscopy

of or pertaining to the urinary bladder

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dermat(o)-
Ex: dermatophytes, hypodermic

of or pertaining to the skin

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-dipsia
Ex: polydipsia

thirst

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dis-
Ex: dissection

taking apart, separation

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dors(o)-, dors(i)-
Ex: dorsal

of or pertaining to the back

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dys-
Ex: dystocia

bad, difficult, abnormal

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-eal
Ex: esophageal, perineal

pertaining to

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-ectasia, -ectasis
Ex: bronchiectasis

expansion, dilation

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-ectomy
Ex: mastectomy, gastrectomy

removal, resection, excision

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-emesis
Ex: hematemesis

vomiting condition

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encephal(o)-
Ex: hepatoencephalopathy

of or pertaining to the brain

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endo-
Ex: endocrinology, endoskeleton

something as inside or within

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enter(o)-
Ex: enterectomy

of or pertaining to the intestine

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epi-
Ex: epicardium, epidermis

on, upon

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episi(o)-
Ex: episiotomy

of or pertaining to the pubic region

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exo-
Ex: exoskeleton

denotes something as “outside” another

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fibr-
Ex: fibroblast, fibrin

fiber

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foramen
Ex: foramen magnum, interventricular

hole, opening, or aperture

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-form
Ex: falciform, cruciform

having the form of

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galact-
Ex: galactorrhea

milk

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gastr-
Ex: gastrectomy

of or pertaining to the stomach

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gingiv-
Ex: gingivitis

of or pertaining to the gums

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gloss(o)-
Ex: hypoglossia

of or pertaining to the tongue

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gluco-
Ex: glucosuria, glucose

sweet

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-gnosis
Ex: diagnosis, prognosis

knowledge

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-graph, -graphy
Ex: electrocardiograph, angiography

record data

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hemat-
Ex: hematology

of or pertaining to blood

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hemi-
Ex: hemiparesis

one-half

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hepat-
Ex: hepatitis

of or pertaining to the liver

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hist(o)-, histio-
Ex: histology

tissue

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hydr(o)-
Ex: hydrocephalus, hydrotherapy

water

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hyper-
Ex: hypertension

extreme, beyond normal

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hypo-
Ex: hypothermia

below normal

iatro-
Ex: iatrogenic

of or pertaining to medicine or a physician

Idio-
Ex: idiopathic

self, one’s own

ileo-
Ex: ileocecocolic junction

ileum

inter-
Ex: intervertebral disc

between, among

intra-
Ex: intraarticular injection

within

ipsi-
Ex: ipsilateral

same

irid(o)-
Ex: iridectomy

of or pertaining to the iris

iso-
Ex: isotonic saline

denoting something as being equal

kal-
Ex: hypokalemia

potassium

-ism
Ex: hyperadrenocorticism

condition, disease

-itis
Ex: bursitis, endocarditis

inflammation

ischio-
Ex: ischiocavernosus muscle

of or pertaining to the ischium

-ium
Ex: pericardium

structure, tissue

kerato-
Ex: keratoconjonctivitis sicca

cornea

labi-
Ex: labial flap

of or pertaining to the lip

kary-
Ex: eukaryote

nucleus

lacrim(o)-
Ex: lacrymal duct

tear

lapar(o)-
Ex: laparotomy

of or pertaining to the abdominal wall

lei(o)-
Ex: leiomyoma

smooth

leuc(o)-, leuk(o)-
Ex: leukocyte

white color

lipo-
Ex: lipoma

fat

lumb(o)-
Ex: thoracolumbar disc

of or relating to the part between the ribs

-lysis
Ex: paralysis

destruction, separation

-malacia
Ex: osteomalacia, myelomalacia

softening

mast(o)-
Ex: mastectomy

of or pertaining to the mammary tissue

meg(a)-, megaly
Ex: splenomegaly

enlargement

melan(o)-
Ex: melanoma

having a black color

mening(o)-
Ex: meningitis

membrane

met, meta-
Ex: metacarpal, metatarsus

after, beside, beyond

metr-
Ex: pyometra

pertaining to conditions of the uterus

myo-
Ex: myofibroma

of or relating to muscle

myco-
Ex: onychomycosis

fungus

myelo-
Ex: myeloblast, myelopathy

of or relating to bone marrow or spinal cord

myring(o)-
Ex: myringotomy

eardrum, tympanic membrane

nas(o)-
Ex: nasal bone

of or pertaining to the nose

necr(o)-
Ex: necropsy, necrotizing fasciitis

death

neo-
Ex: neonatal, neoplasm

new

nephr(0)-
Ex: nephrotomy

of or pertaining to the kidney

neur-
Ex: neuroblastoma

of or pertaining to the nervous system

noci-
Ex: nociception

pain, injury, hurt

norm-
Ex: normothermic

normal

ocul-
Ex: oculomotor nerve

of or pertaining to the eye

odont-
Ex: odontoma

of or pertaining to teeth

ole
Ex: arteriole, bronchiole

small or little

onych(o)-
Ex: onychectomy

of or pertaining to the nails

-opsy
Ex: biopsy

examination or inspection

-osis
Ex: osteoporosis

a condition, disease

orchi(o)-
Ex: orchiectomy

testis

ossi-, osse-
Ex: osseous, osteoarthritis

bone, bony

oto-
Ex: otoscopy

of or pertaining to the ear

ovario-
Ex: ovariectomy

of or pertaining to the ovaries

pan-
Ex: pancarpal arthrodesis

denoting something as “complete”, “all”

-paresis
Ex: hemiparesis

reduction in muscle strength, weakness

path(o)-
Ex: pathology

disease

-pathy
Ex: neuropathy

denotes a disease or disorder

ped-, -ped-, -pes
Ex: pes varus

of or pertaining to the foot

pelv(i)-
Ex: hemipelvectomy

pelvis

-penia
Ex: lymphopenia

deficiency

per-
Ex: percutaneous

through

peri-
Ex: perivenous

“around” another

-pexy
Ex: gastropexy

fixation

-phagia
Ex: coprophagia

condition relating to eating or ingestion

pharyng-
Ex: pharyngitis

of or pertaining to the pharynx

phleb-
Ex: phlebotomy

of or pertaining to the blood, veins

phot-
Ex: photophobia

of or pertaining to light

-plasia
Ex: dysplasia

formation, development

-plasty
Ex: rhinoplasty

surgical repair, reconstruction

-plegia
Ex: tetraplegia

paralysis

pleur-
Ex: pleuritis

of or pertaining to the ribs

pne-, pneum-
Ex: pneumonia, pneumothorax

air, breath, lung

poly-
Ex: polymyositis

denotes a “plurality”

post-
Ex: postpartum

denotes something as “after” or behind

pre-
Ex: premature

denotes something as “before”

pseud-
Ex: pseudoephedrine

denotes something false or fake

py-, pyo-
Ex: pyometra, pyoderma

pus, infection

pyr-
Ex: antipyretic

fever

quadr(i)-
Ex: quadraplegic

four

radic-
Ex: radiculopathy

referring to the beginning, or the root

re-
Ex: relapse, recurring

again, back

retro-
Ex: retroversion

backward, behind

rhabd(o)-
Ex: rhabdomyolysis

rod shaped, striated

rhin(o)-
Ex: rhinotomy

of or pertaining to the nose

-rrhaphy
Ex: herniorrhaphy

surgical suturing

sarco-
Ex: sarcoma

muscular, flesh-like

-scopy
Ex: endoscopy

process of viewing

semi-
Ex: semitendinosus

one-half, partly

sial(o)-
Ex: sialoadenosis

salivary gland

splen(o)-
Ex: splenectomy

of or pertaining to the spleen

spondyl(o)-
Ex: spondylosis

of or pertaining to the spine, the vertebra

-stalsis
Ex: peristalsis

contraction

-stasis
Ex: homeostasis, hemostasis

balance, stopping

stom-, stomat-
Ex: stomatitis

of or pertaining to the mouth

-stomy
Ex: gastrostomy

creation of an opening

sub-
Ex: subcutaneous

beneath, under

tachy-
Ex: tachypnea, tachycardia

denoting something as fast

therm(o)-
Ex: hypothermia

temperature

thoraco-
Ex: thoracotomy

of or pertaining to the chest

thromb(o)-
Ex: thrombocytopenia

of or relating to a blood clot, clotting of blood

-tomy
Ex: gastrotomy, cystotomy

act of cutting, incising

trache(a)-
Ex: tracheostomy

pertaining to the trachea

trich(i)-
Ex: trichiasis

of or pertaining to hair

-ula, -ule
Ex: papule, macule

small

umbilic-
Ex: umbilical cord

of or pertaining to the umbilicus

ungui-
Ex: ungual bed

of or pertaining to the nail

ur-, urin-
Ex: dysuria, urinalysis

of or pertaining to urine, urinary system

vagin-
Ex: vaginoscopy

of or pertaining to the vagina

vas(o)-
Ex: vasoconstriction

duct, blood vessel

ventr(o)-
Ex: ventrodorsal plane

of or pertaining to the belly

ventriculo-
Ex: atrioventricular node

of or pertaining to the ventricles

-version
Ex: anteversion, retroversion

turning

zo(o)-
Ex: zoology

animal, animal life

zym(o)-
Ex: enzyme

fermentation

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Nomenclature Flashcards

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