Bacteria, Virus, Parasites, Fungus Flashcards
Define bacteria
Single-celled organisms (prokaryotes). No nucleus. Multiple shapes. Almost everyone on earth.
Define the Gram stain
Most crucial staining technique in microbiology- enables you to differentiate between diff types of bacteria according to cell wall composition.
Negative Gram bacteria comes up as what color
red
Postitive Gram bacteria comes up as what color
blue
How does bacteria divide
Binary fission- when conditions are favorable, some bacteria can divide every 20 min (E. coli). The process by which bacteria asexually divide into two identical daughter cells.
Aerobic bacteria
requires oxygen to grow and survive
Anaerobic bacteria
survives in an environment without oxygen. Oxygen is toxic for them.
Facultative anaerobic (aerobic) bacteria
the most versatile. Preferentially utilize oxygen, but also can metabolize in its absence.
If your animal is prescribed a Bactericidal, what does it do to the bacteria in the animal’s body
kills the bacteria
If your animal is prescribed a Bacteriostatic, what does it do to the bacteria in the animal’s body
stops bacteria growth
T or F: Treatment of infections in animals continues to meet challenges with bacterial drug resistance
True
T or F: If the bacteria are accurately identified, antibiotic selection is simplified because the susceptibility pattern of many is predictable
True
Are intravenous drug injections more or less quickly effective than ingested drugs?
Intravenous drugs are injected directly into the veins, bypassing the first past, which means they are often absorbed more quickly
Define minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
the lowest concentration required to inhibit bacterial growth
True or False: Diffusion of most antibiotics from plasma to tissues is limited by tissue blood flow, rather than drug lipid solubility
True
Why can drug diffusion into an abscess or necrotic tissue be impaired
In these conditions, drug penetration relies on simple diffusion and the site of infection lacks adequate blood supply
Which bacteria is more resistant?
MRSA
MRSI
MRSI
What should the drug choice be based on
Which drug do you never give to humans
Chloramphenicol- can cause death/affects bone marrow
Factors that affect antibiotic effectiveness
Pus and necrotic tissue
Foreign material (glycocalyx)
Adequate blood flow
Define virus
a small collection of genetic code. Either DNA or RNA. Surround by protein coat called a capsid. cannot replicate alone.
