preventing and treating disease Flashcards
how do white blood cells combat antigens
antiges have a unique surface that a WBC creates antibodies that can join up and destroy them, it will then remember it and make them again if the virus comes back
how does imunanisation work
sometimes your body cannot make an antibody before the patheogeons destory too much.
you are vaccinated with a small dead form of the pathogeon, your body then creates the corect antibody for it. if it comes back real there wont be a delay in creating it
hpow does herd immunity work
when a great number of people are vaccinated the chancew of passing it onto people are much lessened so the spread slowes
what do painkillers do
relieve pain of pathogeons but not attack them at all- it just halts pain whilst the antibodies overcome them
what do antibiotics do
kill bacterial cells that are harmful without killing any body cells.
downsides of antibiotics
cannot kill any viral diseases as viruses reproduce inside cells in the body and its hard to attack them without attacking cells
bacteria is evolving to be more resistent which is very concerning because soon people will die of diseases we can currently cure
what drugs come from foxgloves
digitalises and digoxin have come from 18th century and can help with heart problems
asprin cause nd stuff
comes from willow trees and is a very good pain reliever found in the 1890s
how did flemming discover penecillin
he was developing bacteria but his hygiene was bad so when he went away a lot of mould had grown on them. however some had a clear ring that had obviously killed the mould. though he could not extract it chain and florey did ten years later and realised it would cure bacterial infections
everyone who was involved in penecillin
alexander flemming
chain and florey
pfizer company
how are drugs made currently
lots are synthesied by chemsits but a lot still origniate in a chemical extracted from a plant
what does the noni fruit do
its a long used traditional medicine and food and drink source in places such as costa rica but it also may have antibiotic qualitiies
how can soil work
some soil bacteria can grow to produce a very successful anitbiotic
requirements of a good medicine
effective so it works
safe - not poisonous or toxic
stable- can be stored and used casually
successfully taken in and removed from the bpdy
deug test stage one
possible new drugs are tested in labs to be no n toxic and efficieny
